AOSS321,Winter2009EarthSystemDynamicsLecture31.ppt

AOSS 321, Winter 2009 Earth System DynamicsLecture 3 1/15/2009 Christiane Jablonowski Eric Hetland cjablono@ ehetland@ 734-763-6238 734-615-3177 Class News Class web site:/portal Homework #1 posted today, due on Thursday (1/22) in class Our current grader is Kevin Reed (kareed@) Office Hours Easiest: contact us after the lectures Prof. Jablonowski, 1541B SRB: Tuesday after class 12:30-1:30pm, Wednesday 4:30-5:30pm Prof. Hetland, 2534 C.C. Little, office hour TBA Today’s lecture Ideal gas law for dry air Pressure Hydrostatic equation Scale height Geopotential, geopotential height Hypsometric equation: Thickness Layer-mean temperature Mathematical tools Pressure, temperature, density Unit 3: Pressure (online resource) /2005Q1/101/CD/MAIN3.swf Consider a hot air balloon Pressure, temperature, densityThe ideal gas law Pressure is proportional to temperature times density Temperature is proportional to the average kinetic energy (mass times velocity squared) of the molecules of a gas Density is the mass divided by the volume: Ideal gas law One form of the ideal gas law is: p V = n R* Twhere the number of moles n in mass m (in grams) of a substance is given by n = m / M M is the molecular weight of a substance, e.g. for nitrogen (N2) in the gas phase:M = 28.0116 g / mol p, V, T: pressure, volume and temperature R* = 8.3145 J/(K mol): universal gas constant Another form of the ideal gas law Another form of the ideal gas law for dry air: p = ? Rd Twhere Rd is the gas constant for 1 kg of dry air ? is the dry air density, units are kg/m3 Dry air is a mix of different gases, mainly nitrogen N2, oxygen O2, argon (Ar), carbon dioxide CO2 Ideal gas law: Conversions Dalton’s law applies: each gas completely occupies the whole volume each gas obeys its own pressure law total dry air pressure = ? partial pressures = ? pi Partial pressure of each gas with index i is: Using Ideal gas law: Conversions It follows: Conversions with Md: app