施氮时期对冬小麦植株—土壤体系肥料氮去向的影响.docVIP

施氮时期对冬小麦植株—土壤体系肥料氮去向的影响 　　摘 要：通过15N示踪试验，研究了黄淮地区施氮时期对冬小麦植株-土壤体系肥料氮去向的影响。结果表明：随着施氮时期后移，小麦籽粒中的氮素含量增加，叶和茎中氮素含量降低。小麦植株氮素总积累量以拔节期追氮最高。拔节期追氮更有利于提高籽粒的氮素积累量，降低营养器官的氮素积累量，促进营养器官中的氮素向籽粒中转运。不同施氮时期条件下，冬小麦的氮肥生产效率和氮素收获指数均表现为拔节期追氮最高。拔节期追氮更有利于促进强筋小麦品种氮素的吸收，提高中弱筋小麦品种氮素的利用。小麦植株氮素总积累量来源于肥料氮的比例随施氮时期的后移呈降低趋势。推迟施氮时期，植株氮素总积累量来自基肥氮的比例增加，来自追肥氮的比例减少。随施氮时期后移，肥料氮在0～100 cm土壤中的残留呈现增加趋势。与起身期和孕穗期追氮相比，拔节期灌溉后追施氮肥，肥料氮在20～60 cm土壤中残留量最大。综合分析肥料氮在小麦季的去向得出，拔节期追氮肥料氮去向更均衡。 　　关键词：黄淮地区；冬小麦；15N示踪；施氮时期；氮素利用效率；氮去向 　　中图分类号：S512.1+10.62 文献标识号：A 文章编号：1001-4942（2012）12-0060-06 　　Effects of Nitrogen Topdressing Stage on Fate of Fertilizer Nitrogen 　　in Winter Wheat-Soil System Using 15N Tracer Technique 　　Zhai XueXu1， Wang ZhenLin1*， Dai ZhongMin2， Wang Ping3， 　　Yin YanPing1， Cao Li1， Cui ZhengYong1， Wu GuangLei1 　　（ 1.Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology， Taian 271018， China； 　　2. Dezhou College， Dezhou 253023， China； 3. Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Taian 271000， China） 　　Abstract In this study， the 15N-isotopic tracer experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen topdressing stage on fate of fertilizer nitrogen in winter wheat-soil system. The results indicated that with the delay of nitrogen application， the N content of wheat grains increased， while that of leaves and stem decreased. The total N accumulation amount （TNAA） in plant was the highest when topdressing at jointing stage （JT）. N application at JT was beneficial to increasing the TNAA in grains， reducing the TNAA in vegetative organs， and promoting the transportation of N from vegetative organs to grains. The N productive efficiency and N harvest index of winter wheat were the highest when topdressing at JT compared to topdressing at the other stages. Nitrogen topdressing at JT was more conducive to promoting the N absorption of strong gluten wheat varieties and increasing the N utilization of the middle and weak gluten wheat varieties. The percentage of TNAA from fertilizer decreased with t