2016年全面解析中考动词和非谓语动词.docxVIP

动词动词概述 表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类：类别例句使用特点实义/行为动词及物动词Love,?make?后跟宾语不及物动词Go,?rise?后不跟宾语连系动词Be,?look后跟表语助动词Be,?have,?do,?shall,?will,?did?本身没有词义，后跟动词原形或分词，构成疑问句或否定句等情态动词Can,?may,?mist?本身有词义，后跟动词原形，构成谓语一、实义动词?■①及物动词与不及物动词?根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt.?vi?.?They?study?hard.??I?know?them?well.??注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：?She?sings?very?well.?She?sang?an?English?song?just?now.??英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，词义不变。试比较：??Shall?I?begin?at?once??She?began?working?as?a?librarian?after?she?left?school.?When?did?they?leave?Chicago?They?left?last?week.??短语：?■②动态动词和静态动词?动态动词表示动作，如give,?take,?work,?run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know,?exist,?be,?have,?appear,?prove,?concern,?hate,?dislike,?like,?love,?surprise,?include,?depend?on,?belong?to,?guess,?suppose，imagine,?believe,?doubt,?admire,?envy等。?■③延续性动词和非延续性动词?根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain,?live,?work,?learn等是延续性动词，go,?come,?leave,?start,?arrive,?join,?finish,?end等是非延续性动词。?注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：?[译]他离开这里三天了。?[误]He?has?left?here?for?three?days.??[正]He?has?been?away?from?here?for?three?days.??[正]He?left?here?three?days?ago.??[正]It’s?three?days?since?he?left.??■④限定动词与非限定动词?词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。?The?room?needs?cleaning.???二、连系动词??系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。?Be：?He?is?a?teacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I?am?fine.??2、keep,?rest,?remain,?stay,例如：?He?always?kept?silent?at?meeting.?他开会时总保持沉默。?This?matter?rests?a?mystery.?此事仍是一个谜。?3、表示看起来像这一概念，主要有seem,?appear,?look,?例如：?He?looks?tired.????He?seems?(to?be)?very?sad.??4、feel,?smell,?sound,?taste,?例如：?This?kind?of?cloth?feels?very?soft.????????This?flower?smells?very?sweet.??5、become,?grow,?turn,?fall（asleep）,?get,?go,?come,?run.??He?became?mad?after?that.????????She?grew?rich?within?a?short?time.?6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,?turn?out,?表达证实，变成之意，?The?rumor?proved?false.His?plan?turned?out?a?success.?（turn?out表终止性结果）?7．使役动词：let,have,make?使，让…?Let?/make?somebody?do?sth?The?teacher?