試论袁枚“性灵说”的基本内涵.docVIP

试论袁枚“性灵说”的基本内涵 人文学院 陈勇 指导老师 张晚林 摘要：“性灵说”，是中国古代文学理论史上极为重要的一个审美理论。“性灵”一词最早出现于南朝刘宋 。范泰、谢灵运、何尚之、颜延之率先使用。明代，经李贽和“公安三袁”等人的不懈努力，到清代的袁枚时,发展成为一套理论性强、又适合文学批评与创作的内涵丰富的审美理论。它与神韵说、格调说、肌理说并为清代前期四大诗歌理论派别之一，形成了一套包括真情，个性，诗才三个方面的比较完整的诗论体系。本文梳理了“性灵说”的历史渊源，并着重论述袁枚“性灵说”的基本内涵。 关键词：袁枚；性灵；真情；个性；诗才 Simple analyse the basic intension on “The Theory of Native Sensibility” of Yuan Mei School of humanism and socialism :Chen Yong Director: Zhang wanlin Abstract: the theory of native sensibility ”, it is an extremely important aesthetic theory in the theory history of Chinese classic literature. “the native sensibility ”appear on the Southern Dynasties Song Liu first. Fan Tai , Xie Linyun , He Shangzhi, whom face prolong take the lead in using. Ming Dynasty, pass gift presented to a senior at ones first visit as a mark of esteem Li Zhi and Gong An Three Yuan untiring efforts of people, Yuan Mei,in Qing Dynasty, develop into a theory strong , meaningful aesthetic theory suitable for literary criticism and creating again. It and the theory of romantic charm , the theory of style , the theory of skin texture to be and one of the theory groups of four major poems of earlier stage of Qing Dynasty, having formed a suit of true feelings of including, individual character , just more intact poem of three respects talks about the system in the poem. This text comb historical origin of the theory of native sensibility , expound the fact basic intension that the theory of native sensibility of Yuan Mei emphatically. Key Words:Yuan Mei; the native sensibility ; True feelings ; Individual character ; talent and learning 一、“性灵说”的发展 “性灵说”是中国古代文学理论批评史上的一个极为重要的审美理论。性灵说的理论化是由“公安三袁”和袁枚等人完成的。“性灵”这个概念并非公安派首创，亦非袁枚所首创，早在六朝时就已经提出来了。从现存文献来看，“性灵”一词最早出现于南朝刘宋 。范泰、谢灵运、何尚之、颜延之率先使用,“范泰、谢灵运每云：‘六经典文，本在济俗为治耳，必求性灵真奥，岂得不以佛经为指南邪？’”① 范泰、谢灵运、何尚之、颜延之四人皆为虔诚的佛教信仰者 ，他们都是站在佛教立场上、以佛教的基本思想来运用“性灵”一词。 “性灵”在佛教文献中并不是一个常用词，考诸南朝以前的汉译佛教文献，仅发现鸠摩罗什（Kumārajīva，344-413）所译《十住毗婆沙论》卷17一处有“性灵”一词： 其为教也，微密精远，究净照之宗。融冶莹练，尽性灵