Modern OS_2.ppt

Sep 12, 2002 ECNU-Operating Systems Design, Li Dong Chap. 2 Processes and Threads What is a process? Information in a process What is a thread? Thread implementations Interprocess Communication Classical IPC Problems Process Scheduling Summary Users, Programs, Processes Users have accounts on the system Users launch programs Many users may launch same program One user may launch many instances of the same program Processes: an executing program Real life analogy? Analogy Program: steps for attending the lecture Step1: walk to the building of … Step2: enter 233 Step3: find a seat Step4: listen and take notes (or sleep) Process: attending the lecture Action You are all in the middle of a process Windows Task Manager Unix Example: ps Process Creation System initialization reboot Execution of a process creation system call Fork() User request to create a new process Command line or click an icon Initiation of a batch job Process Termination Normal exit (voluntary) End of main() Error exit (voluntary) exit(2) Fatal error (involuntary) Divide by 0 Killed by another process (involuntary) Kill procID, end task Process Hierarchies Parent creates a child process, a child process can create its own processes Forms a hierarchy UNIX calls this a process group Windows has no concept of process hierarchy all processes are created equal Process States Possible process states Running (occupy CPU) Blocked Ready (does not occupy CPU) Other states: suspended, terminated Transitions between states Questions Why not the following transitions? Ready to blocked Blocked to running The Process Model Multiprogramming of four programs Conceptual model of 4 independent, sequential processes Only one program active at any instant Real life analogy?(A nurse trying to feed 4 infants?) Parallelism vs. Pseudo- parallelism So What’s In A Process? And Why? Process State ready, running, blocked; Program Counter the address of the next instruction to be executed for this process; CPU Registers g