高一module4.docVIP

动名词语法讲解 GERUND动名词即具有动作特征的名词。动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成，同现在分词形式一样，在句中可作主语，宾语，表语和定语。因此记住，不要以为一个动词加上ing后都是现在进行式. 1动名词的种类：动名词可分为两大类： 1.1名词性的动名词(Nominal Gerund)，例：Seeing is believing. Nominal Gerund 可以加上定冠词(Definite article，如 the)或不定冠词 (Indefinite article，如 a, an)，其他可加在动名词前的还有如：my, this, some, any, all, no 等等。举例如下： The mellow singing of the birds announces the coming of spring. 　　　(singing前加定冠词 the及形容词mellow；coming 前加 the) We knew the robber was near when we heard a faint rustling in the bushes. 　 (rustling 前加不定冠词a及形容词 faint) 从上面的例子可看出如何将一个动词转成名词；但它和真正的名词还是有区别的，那 就是没有单数或复数之分。不过，有一些动名词是可以变成真正名词，如： saying, writing, opening, painting, cutting, heading, feeling, being, saving, surrounding, crossing, misunderstanding 等等。它们都可以有复数的喔， 方法就是在它们的后面加个s，如：paintings。 1.2动词性的动名词(Verbal Gerund) 具有动词性特征可以带宾语， 例：Starving troops is necessary. Carelessly writing essays annoys the teacher. 上面的句子里的writing是动名词，但前面有副词carelessly（粗心地），后面又有宾语(Object) essays。因此writing就有动词的特征。Verbal Gerund 这类动名词的前面可不能加上任何冠词(the, a, an ... 2动名词的形式： 2.1　动名词的时态 2.1.1动名词的一般时：v-ing 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。 I enjoy swimming in the big river. 2.1.2动名词的完成时：完成式 (having + v-ed) 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 We regret having been unable to inform you of the meeting. The students having done the work so well made us very happy. She regret not having studied the computer hard. Do you remember having promised me that? Talking like that is not polite. Learning from others is important . Putting on more clothes is not so good . 2.2　动名词的语态　主动和被动 当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时，用动名词的被动形式来表示。 2.2.1一般式的被动形式(being + v-ed) He dislikes being interrupted in his speech. They couldnt stand being treated like that. I cant really stand being treated like that. 2.2.2 完成式的被动语态 (having been + v-ed) I heard of his having been chosen to be the coach of the team. Some of our customers complained of having been treated rudely. 2.2.3　在动词 need, want, require, deserve 之后的动名词（作为宾语），要用主动 语态来表示被动的意思。 The flowers in the garden want watering. Thats one of those question