《食品概论》各章要点.docVIP

Chapter 1 Objectives: Name the four parts of the food industry Identify allied industries Explain how the food industry is international Key terms: Allied industry 见书 Parts of the food industry: Production: Production includes such industries as farming, ranching, orchard management, fishing, and aquaculture. Technologies involved in production of the raw materials include the selection of plant and animal varieties, cultivation, growth, harvest, slaughter, and the storage and handling of the raw materials. Manufacturing/processing Manufacturing converts raw agricultural products to more refined or finished products. Manufacturing requires many unit operations and processes that are at the core of food technology. Distribution Distribution deals with those aspects conductive to product sales, including: product form, weight and bulk, transportation, storage requirements, and storage stability. Marketing Marketing is the selling of foods and involves wholesale, retail, institutions, and restaurants. Three basic types of vertical coordination(纵向调节方式) Open production. A firm purchases a commodity from a producer at a market price determined at the time of purchase. 开放式生产：大公司以购买时的市场价向生产商购买食品。 Contract production. A firm commits to purchase a commodity from a producer at a price formula established in advance of the purchase.定约式生产：大公司以预先签订合约的市场价向生产商购买商品。 Vertical integration. A single firm controls the flow of a commodity across two or more stages of food production.纵向集约化：一个大公司控制跨越两个或两个以上食品生产阶段的商品流。 Chapter 2 Objectives: Name the three elements most important to life Explain how covalent hydrogen and ionic bonds are formed Define a molecule Identify symbols for hydroxyl, amino, ammonia, methyl and carboxyl Key terms: Atom见书 Molecule见书 Table2-1 Figure 2-7 The oxidation of sugar (C6H12O6) 方程式 Four chemical bonds: covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds and Van der Waals bonds. Covalent bonds are the strongest chemical bonds, and are for