用财富增量公式统一两种价值理论.docVIP

用财富增量公式统一两种价值理论 鲁晨光 ?/lcg/cf/cf2.htm 摘要：作者发现用热力学中自由能增量公式解释财富增长，可以得到公式：财富增量＝产品价值增量－消费和污染减值＋技术进步带来的资源增值[①]。由这一公式可以看出：更多的剩余价值不是表现在企业利润，而是表现在科技进步带来资源增值。本文讨论了：新公式如何兼容关于价值的边际效用论和劳动创造论；如何用行为或劳动定义主观的边际效用， 如何直接或间接用生存需求解释快感需求。文中得到结论：价格既反映边际效用也反映交换价值；在环境不变情况下，使用价值增量＝交换价值增量＝财富增量；在资源有限的情况下，交换价值大于社会必要劳动时间；我们可以用劳动衡量交换价值，但是并不能说所有交换价值都是由劳动创造的。文章也讨论了财富分配和劳动异化――包括白领劳动异化和中国加工企业劳动异化，指出：无论是劳动者还是加工企业，拥有先进技术和必要资源都是重要的。 关键词：自由能， 熵，财富增长，价值，剩余价值， 边际效用 JEL分类：O13, O30, O47, C0 ? Integrating Two Value Theories Using the Wealth Increment Formula Chenguang Lu ? Abstract: The author found that we may use the formula for free energy increment to explain wealth growth, and to create a new formula: wealth increment = GDP – value decrement from entropy increment + resource value increment from technology advances. According to this formula, more surplus value comes from resource value increment generated by advances in science and technology than from operational profit of enterprises. The paper shows that the new formula is compatible with marginal utility theory and labor creation theory about value; defines marginal utility by behavior or labor; and explains directly or indirectly pleasure need by survival need. The paper concludes that price reflects marginal utility as well as exchange value; wealth increment is equal to use-value increment, and also equal to exchange value increment when environment is constant; exchange value is greater than society-necessary labor time when resource is limited; we may measure exchange value by labor, but cannot say that every exchange value is created by labor. The paper also discusses wealth distribution and labor alienation, which includes the labor alienation of white collars and the labor alienation of processing enterprises, and points out that both advanced technology and necessary resources are important for a laborer or an enterprise. ??????? ?Key words: free energy, entropy, wealth growth, value, surplus value, marginal utility JEL codes: O13, O30,