2016毕业论文数理统计相关概述.doc

摘 要 本文首先给出了运动的数学模型，平衡点的定义和基本性质，并简要证明了对任意的平衡点，可以通过坐标变换将其化为原点稳定性问题。第二章给出了Lyapunov稳定，局部稳定，渐进稳定的定义。第三章研究了Lyapunov方法的基本理论工具，包括正定（或负定）V函数，以及矩阵理论中的Syervester定理。第四章分别研究了Lyapunov的间接法和直接法，描述了直接法的几何意义。给出了Lyapunov关于稳定的基本定理及Chetaev等所作的推广，并对不同的方法作了比较。 在第五章中给出了应用Lyapunov研究实际问题的例子，首先针对直接法给除了几种构造V函数的技巧，而后给出了几个控制论问题中出现的方程并研究了它们的稳定性问题。最后研究单摆的稳定性并和物理的方法作了比较。 最后在第六章中，我们应用迭代分析的方法，研究了一阶微分方程的反周期边界值问题解的存在与稳定性问题。 关键词：稳定；一致稳定；直接法；迭代分析；反周期边值问题 Abstract This paper firstly provides the mathematic model of motion, the definition of equilibrium point and prove that for any equilibrium points, a translation can always be applied to obtain an equivalent system with the equilibrium at 0. The second chapter deals with the definition of Stability in the sense of Lyapunov , local Stability and Asymptotic stability. The third chapter deals with the basic tools employed in Lyapunov method, including the V function and Matrix theory. The Fourth chapter deals with the indirect and direct method of Lyapunov, with an illustration of the Geometric explanation of the direct method. We give the basic theorem of Lyapunov and improvements make by Chetaev . In the fifth chapter we provide examples of the application of Lyapunov theory, give several techniques for constructing V function and deal with some problems in control theory. Finally we study the stability of pendulum. In the last chapter, by means of the iterative analysis method, the existence and stability for antiperiodic boundry value problem of first-order differential equations is considered. Key words:stability, asymptotic stability, direct method, iterative analysis, antiperiodic boundry value problem 目 录 序言…………………………………………………………………………………………………...2 第一章 概论………………………………………………………………………………………….3 §1.1引言……………………………………………………………………………………….3 §1.2 平衡状态，给定运动与扰动方程之原点………………………………………………3 第二章 Lyapunov意义下稳定性定义………………………………………………………………4 第三章 Lyapunov稳定性理论工具…………………………………………………………………5 §3.1 纯量函数性质……………………………………………………………………………5 §3.2 常用矩阵………………………………………