被动语态、感叹句、宾语从句概要.ppt

被动语态 被动语态的基本结构：be+done 各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构： 一般现在时：do/does → am/is/are+done 一般过去时：did → was/were done 现在进行时：am/is/are doing →am/is/are being done 现在完成时：have/has done →have/has been done 一般将来时：will/shall/be going to do → will/shall/be going to be done 过去进行时：was/were doing → was/were being done 过去完成时：had done → had been done 过去将来时：would/should/be going to do → would/should/be going to be done 含有情态动词：can/may/must do→ can/may/must be done 被动语态的用法 1）不知道动作的执行者是是谁。如： 这块手表是中国制造的。 This watch was made in China. 2) 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如： 每年都应该种更多的树。 More trees must be planted every year. 3) 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如： 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。（强调汉语的使用广泛） Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 被动语态和系表结构的区别 1）被动语态表示主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如： The shop was closed by the police. (动作） The shop is closed today. (状态） 2）系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中常为by短语。如： Miss Wang is satisfied with us. (系表结构） 3）系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态结构则可用于多种时态。 不用被动语态的情况 1）主动句的宾语是each other或是反身代词时，不能用被动语态。如： The man introduced himself as Mr. White. They help each other study English. 2）当主动句的谓语动词是表示状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。如： We will have a meeting. 3）主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能作被动语态中的主语。如： My brother enjoys watching TV. He asked to have a try. 主动语态变为被动语态 主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词的主动形式+动作承受者 被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词的被动形式+动作执行者 如：We asked him to sing an English song. → He was asked to sing an English song by us. 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 She gave me a book. → I was given a book by her. A book was given to me by her. 动词短语变为被动语态 许多由vi 和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于vt，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如： We should speak to old men politely. → Old men should be spoken to politely. (to 不可省略） 带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 I heard Jane playing the piano in her room. → Jane was heard playing the piano in her room. 不带to的不定式作宾补变被动语态后要加上to 感官动词see, hear,