被动语态用法详解概要.ppt

* 被动语态用法详解 (一) 语 态 分 类 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词(p.p.)构成。 语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。 (二) 被 动 语 态 的 使 用 1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如： 据说…… It is said that-clause 据报导…… It is reported that -clause 据推测…… It is supposed that -clause 希望…… It is hoped that -clause 众所周知…… It is well known that -clause 普遍认为…… It is generally considered that -clause 有人建议…… It is suggested that -clause It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp. (三)主动语态变被动语态的方法 口诀1：宾提前变主，主变介by宾，被动be加done,时态看主动。 口诀2：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加to/for。 1.He teaches English in our school. 2.She gave me a book. English is taught in our school by him. I was given a book by her. /A book was given to me by her. 变为被动语态 (四)语态转换时所注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) × 2. 由动词短语的被动语态，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。这类短语如： agree to, look after, think highly of, bring about(造成，引起), carry out(执行), put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out(计算出)等。 The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. His request was turned down. The sports meeting will be put off because of the bad weather. The baby is taken good care of by them. 3. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： (1) We always keep the classroom clean. →The classroom is always kept clean. (2) She told us to fol