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语法专题----定语从句(答案)
提优班培训语法专题----定语从句
一.定语从句的理解:
1. 用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语:
a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red
2. 如果定语是句子,便称为定语从句。
I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is in red. (定语从句)
1.由that引导的定语从句
一般情况下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,但不能置于介词之后。如:正在会上讲话的那个人是个先进工人。
The man that(who)is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker.这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗?
Is this the doctor that(whom)you talked about yesterday? 昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。The letter that(which)I received yesterday was from my father.
2.由who,whom和whose引导的定语从句
who在从句中作主语whom在从句中作宾语whose在从句中作定语。如:这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。
This is the thief who stole my bike.他就是你想要找的那个男孩。
He is the boy whom you wanted to find.妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。 The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.3.由which引导的定语从句
which指物,在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如:妈妈上周买给我的那本书很好。
The book which Mum bought me last week is very good.这个去年建的房子属于他们。 The house which was built last year belongs to them.
4.由where,when和why引导的定语从句
where在从句中作地点状语,when在从句中作时间状语,why在从句中作原因状语。如:我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。
I will never forget the day when ( on which ) I joined the League.下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。
He will go back to the school where (in which ) he studied next week.我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。I dont know the reason why (for which) he quarreled with Zhang Lin.关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词常省去。如:我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。The play(which)I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,thatwhich可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。如:这是我们去年居住的房子。
This is the house (that/ which) we lived in last year.
= This is the house in which we lived last year.
请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。English novel from.
= Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
()关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:a. 先行词为thatthose时,用which而不用that如:在桌子底下的那些东西是什么? What’s that which is under the desk?
b. 关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that如:这是他居住的房间。This is the room in which he lives.
c. 引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that如:汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴Tom came back, which made us happy.
他把秘密告诉了其他人,这惹怒了我们。
He told the secret to others, whic
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