语法专题----定语从句(答案).docVIP

提优班培训语法专题----定语从句 一．定语从句的理解： 1. 用来修饰名词或代词的词称为定语： a tall building the book on the desk anything important the girl in red 2. 如果定语是句子，便称为定语从句。 I know the girl. The girl is in red. (两个简单句) →I know the girl who is in red. （定语从句） 1．由that引导的定语从句 一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，但不能置于介词之后。如：正在会上讲话的那个人是个先进工人。 The man that（who）is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker．这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？ Is this the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？　　昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father． 2．由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句 　who在从句中作主语whom在从句中作宾语whose在从句中作定语。如：这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。 This is the thief who stole my bike．他就是你想要找的那个男孩。 He is the boy whom you wanted to find．妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。　　The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside．3．由which引导的定语从句 　which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。如：妈妈上周买给我的那本书很好。 The book which Mum bought me last week is very good．这个去年建的房子属于他们。 The house which was built last year belongs to them. 4．由where，when和why引导的定语从句 　where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。如：我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。 I will never forget the day when ( on which ) I joined the League．下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。 He will go back to the school where (in which ) he studied next week．我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。I dont know the reason why (for which) he quarreled with Zhang Lin．关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，关系代词常省去。如：我刚才看的那个戏剧在3频道上已上演了两次。The play（which）I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，thatwhich可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。如：这是我们去年居住的房子。 This is the house (that/ which) we lived in last year. = This is the house in which we lived last year. 请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。English novel from. = Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel. （）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况：a. 先行词为thatthose时，用which而不用that如：在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ What’s that which is under the desk？ b. 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that如：这是他居住的房间。This is the room in which he lives. c. 引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that如：汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴Tom came back, which made us happy. 他把秘密告诉了其他人，这惹怒了我们。 He told the secret to others, whic