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【时代周刊】草原拯救记 - 牛！牛！牛！ 译者： mersea 发表时间：2010-09-16浏览量：2465评论数：2挑错数：0 广阔无垠的草原，粗犷有利的群山，狂荡不羁的牛仔。这些都是美国西部片中经久不衰的画面。头戴牛仔帽，身别左轮枪的西部牛仔是多少美国人心中英雄的代名词。那一片草原上又曾上演过多少经典和传奇。现如今，这里又打响了一场草原的保卫战 - 且看新世纪的草原故事。 How to Save the Grasslands: Bring in More Cattle 草原拯救记 - 牛！牛！牛！ To many, the Western grasslands still reflect the essence of this country: the vast plains that begin with prairie and bump up against the Rockies, home to herds of cattle and the cowboys that run them. Yet this indelible image belies the facts, as much of the nations rangeland has been degraded by overgrazing. Land where lush, waving grasses flourished is now eroded and only sparsely covered with plants. One consequence, says farmer and rural public policy expert Michael Bowman of Wray, Colorado, is that hundreds of small communities whose economies relied on healthy grassland are withering with the grass. 在大多数美国人眼中，西部大草原仍然是这个国家立国之本的真实写照：广阔无垠的平原在地平线上优雅的展开，起于草原止于高山，延绵不绝，那里是牛儿的天堂，那里是牛仔们的故乡。然而，由于牧场的过度放牧，这幅美丽的画卷已经变得残缺不全。曾经茂盛肥美，随风摇曳的青青草原变得满目疮痍。科罗拉多州农民与农村公共政策专家，迈克尔·鲍曼（Michael Bowman）表示：“ 数以百计的小型社区经济依赖于健康的草原。随着草原环境的日益恶化，这类社区经济也会变得日渐萧条。” ?? Many ranchers, conservationists, and investors are determined to revive this magical and (once) highly productive landscape. And have embarked on doing so by increasing the density of livestock. 一大批牧场经营者，环保人士和投资商都在致力于恢复这片土地原有的生机与活力。他们已经在着手增加牧畜放养密度。 Wait — wasnt overgrazing the problem? 喂，喂，喂，养更多的牛？这不都是过度放牧惹得祸吗？ The key is how grazing animals are managed. For according to Shannon Horst, CEO and co-founder of the Savory Institute, an organization dedicated to restoring the worlds grasslands through Holistic Management, ranchers can consistently double, and even — depending on the condition of the land and adherence to the practices — quadruple livestock capacity over time. 这一问题的关键在与如何看待放牧管理。萨瓦利协会（Savory Institute）是一个以整体管理为着力点，致力于世界草原环境恢复的研究机构。该机构的创始人兼首席执行官香农·豪斯特（Shannon Horst）认为，牧场主可以参考土壤环境并据此实践，随着时间的推移，现有家畜数量将相应地扩大两倍至三倍。 However, more cattle per acre is just one benefit. By acti