现代物理学基础解读.ppt

Foundations of Modern Physics Quantum Theory Special Relativity General Relativity Conceptual problems: The light-cone undergoes quantum fluctuations How to maintain causality? Information loss in black holes(?) Is the theory unitary? The cosmological constant ??10-120M4Planck Why so small? Calculate it. Cosmology, early Universe, inflation Wave function of the Universe Initial conditions First String Revolution The Perturbative era(Mid 80’s - Mid 90’s) Consistent perturbation expansion Several consistent string theories (type I, type IIA, type IIB, heterotic SO(32), heterotic E8xE8) String propagation in curved spaces Connection to conformal field theory The theory has many ground states characterized by the six dimensional compactification. Some of these ground states are similar to our world (4 dimensions, electrons, photons, etc.). Second String RevolutionThe Non-perturbative era (Mid 90’s - ?) Exact results using the magic of supersymmetry Extended objects Large extra dimensions Non-commutative geometry String duality String theory is unique Black hole information puzzle Many “ground states” Non-Commutative Geometry Extra Dimensions Large “invisible dimensions” – brane world  Map of the ground states of string theory Some details “Fundamental objects” at one end are composites elsewhere Weak coupling at one end corresponds to strong coupling at another end The extrapolation from end to end uses the magic of supersymmetry The theory is inherently quantum mechanical The Ground State(s) The recent advances have uncovered many new solutions of the equations of motion – ground states Is the ground state selected by initial conditions – connection to cosmology? If all these solutions are acceptable, do they exist elsewhere in the Universe – Anthropic solution? Our understanding lacks a crucial ingredient. 胰腺癌护理 胰腺癌康复 胰腺癌饮食： Summary String theory is the only candidate for a complete theory of Nature. Ultimate confirmation of t