31开放经济的宏观经济学基本概念.pptVIP

31 Open-Economy Macroeconomics: Basic Concepts 开放经济的宏观经济学：基本概念 Open-Economy Macroeconomics: Basic Concepts开放经济的宏观经济学：基本概念 Open and Closed Economies A closed economy is one that does not interact with other economies in the world. 封闭经济是一个不与其它经济相互交易的经济 There are no exports, no imports, and no capital flows.没有出口，没有进口，也没有资本流动 An open economy is one that interacts freely with other economies around the world. 开放经济是一个与世界其他经济自由交易的经济 Open-Economy Macroeconomics: Basic Concepts开放经济的宏观经济学：基本概念 An Open Economy An open economy interacts with other countries in two ways. 一个开放经济以两种方式和其他经济相互交易 It buys and sells goods and services in world product markets.它在世界产品市场上购买并出售物品与劳务 It buys and sells capital assets in world financial markets. 它在世界金融市场上购买并出售股票和债券这类资本资产 THE INTERNATIONAL FLOW OF GOODS AND CAPITAL物品与资本的国际流动 An Open Economy The United States is a very large and open economy—it imports and exports huge quantities of goods and services. Over the past four decades, international trade and finance have become increasingly important. The Flow of Goods: Exports, Imports, Net Exports物品的流动：出口、进口以及净出口 Exports are goods and services that are produced domestically and sold abroad. 出口是在国内生产而在国外销售的物品与劳务 Imports are goods and services that are produced abroad and sold domestically. 进口是在国外生产而在国内销售的物品与劳务 The Flow of Goods: Exports, Imports, Net Exports物品的流动：出口、进口以及净出口 Net exports (NX) are the value of a nation’s exports minus the value of its imports. 进出口是该国的出口值与进口值的差额 Net exports are also called the trade balance. 进出口又称为贸易余额 The Flow of Goods: Exports, Imports, Net Exports物品的流动：出口、进口以及净出口 A trade deficit is a situation in which net exports (NX) are negative.贸易赤字是净出口为负 Imports Exports A trade surplus is a situation in which net exports (NX) are positive.贸易盈余是净出口为正 Exports Imports Balanced trade refers to when net exports are zero—exports