计算机辅助光学设计codeVS4.pptVIP

10/98 Introduction to CODE V Section 4Apertures and Vignetting in CODE V What Is Vignetting? (In Case You Didn’t Know) Caused by apertures on surfaces, e.g., ID of a retaining ring. Note: ID = inside diameter, OD = outside diameter These apertures clip off-axis rays near the pupil edge that would otherwise pass through the aperture stop and hit the image surface. Useful in reducing large off-axis aberrations (“flare”). Sometimes necessary to meet physical restrictions in the lens. Vignetting reduces off-axis relative illumination in the image. Why Are Apertures and VignettingImportant in CODE V? The many different users and applications of CODE V require different approaches. Examples: Lens patent with no aperture information. Can estimate vignetting, then determine appropriate apertures. Fabricated lens with known apertures. What’s the vignetting? Need to fit a lens in an existing assembly or package with known mechanical restrictions such as apertures. “Make it fit in this box!” IR scanning system. Cold stop must be filled. CODE V has a very flexible overall treatment that allows different situations to be analyzed accurately, but You must define the appropriate parameters and use the right operations in the correct order in CODE V. There is a default treatment, but it may not be right for your particular situation. CODE V’s Default Operation Trace five reference rays at each field. These are: Chief (a.k.a. principal) ray Upper and lower meridional rays Left and right sagittal marginal rays Location of reference rays in pupil is specified by vignetting factors. Impose a default circular clear aperture on the stop. This aperture is just large enough to pass the Field 1 reference rays. (Normally Field 1 is on-axis.) Impose default circular clear apertures on all other non-dummy surfaces. Each aperture is just large enough to pass all the reference rays from all fields. When Is the Default Useful? Because the default apertures are circular and depend on