185个经济学概念（英文）.ppt

LKq To My Colleagues, To Our Youth Forum185 Essential Concepts of Economics for Primary Learners Edited by Li Keqin Preface Economics is the study of how the economy works: how the society manages its scarce resources and how people make their decisions. It is an important task for us to study and use its theories and tools.The essential concepts are the languages and tools of Economics. They can help us to develop the economic way of thinking. During my study of Economics, I had paid more attention to those concepts and it made me understand the theories of Economics easily. For the purporse of helping my colleagues study Economics well, I have edited this book. I hope that this book can give you some convenience when you study Economics. Li Keqin December 30, 2006 1.Scarcity Scarcity means that society has limited resources and therefore cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have.Just as a household cannot give every member everything he or she wants, a society cannot give every individual the highest standard of living to which he or she might aspire.Because of scarcity,a society must decide how to allocate its scarce resources. 2.Economics Economics is the study of how society manages its scarce resources.It studies how people make decisions:how much they work,what they buy,how much they save,and how they invest their savings.It also studies how people interact with one another.For instance,it examines how the multitude of buyers and sellers of a good together determine the price at which the good is sold and the quantity that is sold,Finally, it analyzes forces and trends that affect the economy as a whole,including the growth in average income,the fraction of the population that cannot find work, and the rate at which prices are rising.In fact, Economics is one science on tradeoffs. 3.Efficiency Efficiency means that society is