sayings教程.pptVIP

Changes In Word Meaning vocabulary is the most unstable element of language Types of Changes Extension ( stretch out ) Narrowing Degradation (de=down grad=go) Elevation (elevator?) Transfer ( carry across) Expansion of meaning Examples speak louder Manuscript now means “any author’s writing whether written by hand or typed with a type-writer or word-processor original meaning “handwriting” Picture Originally denoted mere “painting”, But now has come to include ‘drawings’ and even photographs’ Journal daily paper periodical Butcher kills goats kills animals Brim water edge edge of anything Carry transport by cart in any way Bullish (causing or associated with a rise in prices) optimistic We are very bullish about the future. From specific to general Scarf for priest Pipe musical instrument Street paved with stones From concrete to abstract Grasp get sth with your hand, now with your mind Pain fine punishment hurt Place square anywhere From technical to common Allergic be allergic to boasting Alibi not on the criminal spot excuse From proper names to common Pascal, volt, ohm, ampere, watt, joule Curie (锔,curieum）nobel (nobelium) Adidas (sports shoes), sandwich (sandwich generation) Narrowing of Meaning A word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized sense Deer designates animal in general Liquor liquid alcoholic drink Meat food flesh of animals Poison drink poisonous drink Wife woman a married woman Girl young person of either sex female young person From general to specific He got life (无期徒刑) Life sentence Sweetmeat, green meat, to be meat and drink to somebody.(无上乐趣) The chief business of the American people is business. From abstract to concrete Room There is still room for improvement Give me s