2016版华北理工大学本科毕业论文格式示例.doc

学 号：201234640311  毕业论文 GRADUATE THESIS 论文题目：乡镇卫生院关于β-内酰胺类抗生素的使用情况的调查及细菌耐药性的分析 学生姓名：李浩 专业班级：12药学3班 学 院：冀唐学院 指导教师：张力 教师 XXXX年XX月XX日 摘 要 目的：对我县乡镇卫生院患者的β-内酰胺类抗生素的使用情况及细菌耐药性进行调查分析，为临床合理使用抗生素药物提供依据。方法：对2014年1月～ 2015年6月β-内酰胺类抗生素的总消耗金额、用药频度(DDDs)、日治疗费用和病原菌耐药性进行统计、分析。结果:调查期内β-内酰胺类抗生素的总用药频度增长26.07%;药物的DDDs排序前4位大多数为限制使用的二线抗菌药物;大多数抗生素在调查期内细菌耐药率的差别不显著。对革兰阳性球菌耐药率最低者为阿莫西林 克拉维酸,其次为头孢克洛、亚胺培南;对革兰阴性杆菌耐药率最低者为美罗培南,其次为亚胺培南、哌拉西林 他唑巴坦及头孢吡肟。结论:β-内酰胺类抗生素的使用情况有较明显的改善,部分细菌耐药性有所改善,但仍有部分药物用量呈上升状态,表明仍存在不合理使用现象。 关键词 β-内酰胺类抗生素； DDDs；病原菌耐药 Abstract Objective: to my county towns and townships in patients with beta lactam class survey analysis of the usage of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance, to provide basis for clinical rational use of antibiotic drugs. Methods: from January 2014 to June 2015 beta lactam class total consumption amount of antibiotics, drug use frequency (DDDs), day treatment costs and pathogen resistance for statistics and analysis. Results: the total beta lactam class antibiotic drugs during the investigation period frequency increase of 26.07%. Most drug DDDs sorting before four to restrict the use of second-line antibiotics; Most antibiotics during the survey period, the difference was not significant percentages of bacteria. The gram positive coccus, to the lowest in the percentages of amoxicillin Clavulanic acid, followed by cefaclor, imine south; Of gram-negative bacilli resistant rate to the lowest in the e.faecalis, followed by imine south, piperacillin he azole and cefepime. Conclusion: the beta lactam class antibiotic usage has the obvious improvement, part of the bacterial drug resistance improved, but there are still some drug dosage rising trend, that theres still no reasonable use. Keywords examination system; automatic test paper; database; genetic algorithm 目 录 摘 要 II Abstract II 1.绪论 5 1.1 研究背景与目的 5 1.1.1 研究背景 5 1.1.2 研究的目的意义 6 1.2 研究现状 6 1.2.1国外状况 6 1.2.2 国内状况 7 2.β-内酰胺类抗生素使用情况的调查 8