chapter 6 template Part1.pptVIP

C++ Programming Chapter 6 Templates and STL Part Ⅰ Index 1. Templates Introduction 2. Function Templates 2.1 Function Template Definition 2.2 Function Template Instantiation 2.3 Overloaded Function Template 3. Class Templates 3.1 Class Template Definition 3.2 Class Template Instantiation 3.3 Member Functions of Class Templates 1.Template Introduction Templates parameterize all or a subset of the types. Templates divide a general algorithm from the implementation of data types. Function template and class template. Advantage Reuse the software; When a function or a class can deal multiple types and provide the same function, we should use template. 2. Function Templates Function overload Multiple overloaded function share a name, but holding different argument types; Have to code for every overloaded function. Function template: it extends overloaded function, is a function factory creating functions: Different types and return values Same function(功能) 2. Function Templates Reason for function templates Consider min(x,y), strong typed language requires that we implement an instance for each pair of types we wish to compare: 2. Function Templates Reason for function templates An alternative is to use the macro expansion of the preprocessor. But, it behaves unexpectedly under complex calls. Thats because its mechanism does not behave like a function call but simply provides a text substitution of its arguments. When calculating min(a++,b++);, two arguments are evaluated twice. 2.1 Function Template Definition Function template thinking Definition: The programmer parameterizes all or a subset of the types in the interface (the parameter and return types) of a function whose body otherwise remains invariant. Invocation: When function templates invoked, they will determine the types of template arguments from the types of actual arguments. 2.1 Function Template Definition Definition of function template An example 2.1 Function Template Definition Comm