第3章全球化管理比较管理与质量管理..docVIP

Chapter 3: global, comparative, and quality management International management and multinational corporations ?International management focuses on the operation of international firms in host countries ?International businesses engage in transactions across national boundaries The nature and purpose of international business International businesses engage in transactions across national. These transactions include transfer of goods, services, technology, managerial knowledge, and capital to other countries. Forms of International Business Unifying effects Unifying influences occur when the parent company provides and shares technical and managerial know-how, thus assisting the host company in the development of human and material resources —demonstration effects Potentials of confict ·Nationalistic self-interest ·Socio-cultural differences ·Overpowering economic dominance Multinational corporations ·Multinational corporations (MNCs) have their headquarters in one country but operate in many countries ·Ethnocentric orientation: Style of the foreign operations is based on that of the parent company ·Polycentric orientation: Foreign subsidiaries are given a great deal of managerial freedom ·Regiocentric orientation: Favors the staffing of foreign operations on a regional basis ·Geocentric orientation: Entire organization is viewed as an interdependent system operating in many countries Ethnocentric Attitude ·belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country ·lack trust in foreign employees with key decisions or technology Polycentric Attitude ·belief that host-country managers know the best work approaches and practices ·let foreign employees determine work practices Geocentric Attitude ?focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe ?look for the best approaches and people regardless of the country of origin Advantages--from the perspective of Multinationals ?Take business opportunities in the host