第七部分谐振子学习课件.pptVIP

Chapter 7 The Harmonic Oscillator  (谐振子) * Many complicated potential can be approximated in the vicinity of their equilibrium points by a harmonic oscillator. The Taylor expansion of V(x) at equilibrium point x = a is Hamitonnian function of an oscillator with mass m and oscillating frequency ω0 can be written Stationary Schrodinger equation Referencing the book edited by曾谨言，we solve the Schrodinger equation. Introduce the no-dimension parameters (无量纲参数) We get (boundary condition), (1) (2) We get an asymptotic solution (试探解) Insert (2) to (1), get This is Hermite (厄米) differential equation At the vicinity of ? = 0, u(? ) is expanded the Taylor series. Only ? will satisfies the boundary condition ( ) (4) Therefore the condition (4) is satisfied, we can get the solution which is allowed in physics field. According to (3) Energy eigenvalue of harmonic oscillator Energy level is discrete. The energy gap is identical. The energy level of ground state (zero point energy) is not zero. The solution of equation (3) is Hermite polynomials (厄米多项式). The eigenfuction and energy of harmonic oscillator are Normalized constant Some most simple Hermite polynomials H0=1, H1=2?, H2=4?2?2, H3=8?3 ? 12?, …… The basic properties of Hermite polynomials (The definition) Two important and useful relations n=0: n=1: n=2: The first three eigenfunctions of harmonic oscillator The symmetry property When n is even, positive parity (n 为偶数，偶宇称) When n is odd, negative parity In general Ground state The energy and wave function of ground state (n = 0) The probability finding a particle at x= 0 is maximum, which is contrary to classical particle. For a classical harmonic oscillator, when x =0, its potential is minimum and kinetic energy is maximum, hence the interval which it delays at x =0 is shortest. In classical mechanics, a particle with ground state energy E0 motions in the range According to quantum m