GeneralVirology-chapterI导论.ppt

General Virology Li Aiying College of Life Sciences Central China Normal University (2011) References 1. 普通病毒学， 谢天恩，胡志红 主编，2002，科学出版社。 2. Basic Virology, 2nd edition Edward K. Wagner and Martinez J. Hewlett, 2004, Blackwell publishing. Detailed arrangement for this course: Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Concept and basic properties of Virus 1.2 History of viology 1.3 Trends of virological study 病毒与其它微生物的区别 历史的“文明杀手”——天花 脊髓灰质炎 Vocabulary variola: [ v?rai?l? ]?医] Smallpox 天花, 痘症 Polio 脊髓灰质炎 Tulip breaking virus 郁金香碎色花叶病毒 Virology 病毒学 virus 病毒 Variolation： 人痘接种术 virulent strains： 烈性株 Vaccination：免疫，疫苗接种 Replicate： 复制 virus infection: 病毒感染 prokaryotic， eukaryotic 原核 真核 Retro-transcriptase 逆转录病毒 Noncellular 非细胞 intracellular obligatory parasites： 严格胞内寄生 ceramic bacteria filters:陶瓷细菌过滤器 Chapter I Introduction I-1 Concept and basic properties of Virus I-1.1. The discovery of viruse disease I-1.2. The first “vaccines” I-1.3. What is virus? I-1.1 Human Virus Disease --- Polio  We have to know I-1.1 Plant Virus Disease --- Tulip breaking  I-1.2 Variolation More than a thousand years ago, there are records of Chinese medicine men carrying out a practice known as variolation (named after smallpox, or variola, virus). This involved taking the dried scabs from smallpox victims, grinding them to a powder and blowing them up the victims ... patients nose. virulent strains (bad news：25-30% death rate) and less virulent strains I-1.2 Spreading of Variolation I-1.2 Vaccination by Jenner On 14th May 1796, English doctor Edward Jenner vaccinated an 8 year old boy, James Phipps, with material from a cowpox lesion on the hand of a milkmaid, Sarah Nelmes.James, who had never had smallpox, developed a small lesion at the site of vaccination which healed in 2 weeks. On 1st July 1796, Jenner challenged the boy by deliberately inoculating him with material from a real case of smallpox