XMAC-1.ppt

* The red axis denotes the fast principle axis and the blue axis denotes the slow principal axis. The polarizations (vibration directions) are along these axis. Therefore, the blue plane is the fracture plane. * * Using the physics of shear-wave splitting in anisotropic rock, a cross-dipole logging tool is used to measure the shear-wave splitting and to determine the anisotropy. This tool consists of two orthogonal dipole transmitter and receiver array systems. The tool acquires four-component shear-wave array data: two inline, XX YY; two cross line, XY YX. * One can think of the following scenarios: Isotropic Formation: Fire X, Listen X (XX): you measure a horizontally polarized shear wave with speed c Fire Y, Listen Y (YY): you measure a horizontally polarized shear wave with speed c Fire X, Listen Y (XY): you measure nothing but noise. Fire Y, Listen X (YX): you measure nothing but noise Orthotropic/TI Formation (X and Y aligned with principal axis x1’ and x2’ resp.): Fire X, Listen X (XX): you measure a horizontally polarized shear wave (x1’ direction) with speed c1 Fire Y, Listen Y (YY): you measure a horizontally polarized shear wave (x2’ direction) with speed c2 Fire X, Listen Y (XY): you measure nothing but noise. Fire Y, Listen X (YX): you measure nothing but noise When X and Y direction are not parallel to x1’ and x2’ resp. you will measure a superposition of the two principal shear waves for all components (XX, YY, XY and YX) and the velocities you measure will be somewhere between c1 and c2. * Cross-dipole pre-processing quality control. Inspect the linearity of the wave moveout, coherence, and especially, the wave amplitude or spectrum across the array to check the source balance. * Cross-dipole post-processing results and quality control indicators. They are: processing time window and waveform overlay, data fitting residue error comparison, fast and slow shear wave splitting, and the fast shear azimuth versus tool azimuth. * This picture clear