世界优秀举重运动员竞技表现特征研究及展望.docVIP

世界优秀举重运动员竞技表现特征研究及展望 　　摘要：运用文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计和逻辑分析法，以波兰举重锦标赛与伦敦奥运会举重15个级别（男8女7）比赛成绩前8名共计240名运动员的竞技表现为研究对象，对其竞技表现特征进行探踪。结果显示：世界优秀举重运动员年轻化的趋势明显，普遍最佳竞技年龄为22～25岁；随着级别的升高，男女克托莱指数值也在增大。男女运动员平均成绩的变异系数均值有非常显著性差异，男运动员平均成绩的稳定性明显好于女子；所有级别平均发挥率全部超过100%，女子项目的发挥率远好于男子，而且在总成绩的发挥率上，男女有显著性差异。运动员的平均成功率普遍不高，介于56%～67%之间，抓举高于挺举、女子高于男子；不论抓举挺举，每轮次的成功率呈递减趋势。建议在高级别的举重比赛中，将开把率控制在男子97%～98%、女子96.5%～97.5%更为科学。 　　关键词：举重；竞技表现；特征分析；展望 　　中图分类号：G884 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1006-2076（2015）01-0098-08 　　Abstract：By using the methods of documentation， video observation， mathematical statistics and logical analysis， this paper studies the competitive performance of the top 8 of total 240 weightlifting athletes in Poland IWF World Championships and London Olympic Games， and explores their competitive performance features. The result shows that the world elite weightlifting athletes tend to be younger， the best competitive age is normally between 22～25 years. With the weight level growing， the average Quetelet index would also increase. There are prominent differences between coefficient of variation of the males and the females average performances. Specifically， male athletes average performance is much better in stability. The play rates of all weightlifting events are generally above 100%， mens higher than womens. Gender differences are highlighted on total performances. Between 56-67%， the average rate of success is less impressive. Snatch is higher than clean and jerk； the females is higher than the males. Each round shows decreasing trend. It is advised that male athletes first lifting weight be controlled between 97-98% and female between 96.5-97.5% of total performance. On the repeatability of athletes achievement， mens is much larger than the 　　举重运动员的竞技能力是竞技比赛的基础，而竞技表现的过程可以直接影响比赛结果，参考国内一些专家对竞技表现的定义及相关研究[1-4]，可以认为，举重运动员竞技表现是举重运动员在整个竞赛过程中以充分发挥竞技能力为目标，而表现出来的特有方式及行为结果。其特征主要体现在：年龄、身体基本特征，比赛成绩稳定性，比赛发挥率，试举成功率、开把率，试举成绩可重复性以及技战术特点、即时状态调整等。 　　本研究从运动竞赛学的角度，以参加波兰世界举重锦标赛与伦敦奥运会举重项目的运动员个人及项目自身为切入点，研究举重运动员在以充分发挥竞技