第五章51+52翻译与原文+课后练习.docVIP

第五章5.1 中英文对照 5.1 International Supply Chain The latest in systems coordination involves the supply chain. The supply chain consists of all the organization that move goods and services from the source of raw materials to the final customer. The supply chain is longer than a channel of distribution because it includes suppliers to manufacturers, whereas the channel of distribution begins with manufacturers. Channels of distribution are part of the overall supply chain. Included in the supply chain, therefore, are farmers, miners, suppliers of all kinds (e. g. parts, equipment, supplies), manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. Many companies have developed software that makes it possible to coordinate the movement of goods and information so that consumer wants can be translated into products with the least amount of materials, inventory, and time. The flows among firms are almost seamless. Naturally, the systems are quite complex and quite expensive, but they pay for themselves in the long run because of inventory savings, customer service improvement and responsiveness to market changes. 5.1国际供应链在最新的系统协调涉及到供应链。供应链包括所有的组织，将货物从原料来源到最终客户服务。供应链是比一个较长的分销渠道，因为它包括供应商制造商，而分销渠道与制造商开始。分销渠道是整个供应链的一部分。在供应链包括，因此，是农民，矿工，各类供应商（如零件，设备，物资），制造商，批发商和零售商。许多公司已经开发的软件，它使协调货物和资讯的动作，让消费者希望能翻译成产品与材料，库存和时间最少。企业间的流动几乎天衣无缝。当然，这些系统相当复杂，相当昂贵，但他们为自己支付的储蓄，因为库存，客户服务的改善和市场变化的反应能力长期运行。 5. 1. 1 A Definition of International Logistics For the international firm, customer locations and sourcing opportunities are widely dispersed. The firm can attain a strategically advantageous position only if it is able to successfully manage complex international networks, consisting of its vendors, suppliers, other third parties and its customers. Neglect of linkages within and outside of the firm brings not only higher costs but also the risk of eventual non-competitiveness, due to diminished market share, more expensive national logistics and supply-chain supplies, or lower profits. Effective inter manag