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Chapter2 Processing Hardware :Turning Data into Something You Can Use review database IC LAN Multimedia WWW Main contents 2.1 How Data and Programs Are Represented in the Computer? 2.2 The Processor, Main Memory Registers 2.3 Telling computers apart: RAM capacity, word size, processor speed 2.4 Focus on the Microcomputer 2.5 Coming attractions Key terms--p2.30-p2.31 ALU- Arithmetic/Logic Unit 算术逻辑单元 ASCII 美国信息交换标准码 binary system 二进制 bus 总线 byte 字节 CPU 中央处理单元 Key terms--p2.31 chip 芯片 CU-Control Unit 控制单元 coprocessor 协处理器 EBCDIC 扩充的二进制编码的十进制交换码 execution cycle 执行周期 gigabyte 十亿字节 Key terms--p2.31-p2.32 instruction cycle 指令周期 kilobyte 千字节 machine cycle 机器工作周期 machine language 机器语言 main memory 主存 megabyte 兆字节 Key terms--p2.32-p2.33 microprocessor 微处理器 parity bit 校验位 terabyte 1万亿字节 Unicode 统一字符编码标准 2.1 How Data and Programs Are Represented in the Computer Main contents: Binary coding schemes The parity bit: checking for errors Machine language: your brand of computer’s very own language How computer capacity is expressed: bit by bit 2.1 How Data and Programs Are Represented in the Computer Binary Coding SchemeAll the amazing thing that computers do are based on binary numbers made up of 0s and 1s. Instead ,we use natural—language characters such as those on the keyboard to input data. Then the computer system encodes the data by means of binary, or digital ,coding schemes to represent letters ,numbers, and special characters. Binary Coding Scheme Binary Coding Scheme EBCDIC:扩充的二进制编码的十进制交换码stands for Extended Binary Code Decimal Interchange Code, is commonly used in IBM mainframes. EBCDIC is an 8-bit coding scheme, meaning that it can represent 256 characters. Binary Coding Scheme ASCII:美国信息交换标准码[‘?ski] stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is the most widely used binary code with non-IBM mainframes and virtually all microcomputers. Whereas standard ASCII originally used 7bits for each character, limiting its
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