Chaptr 6 Basics of Digital Audio.ppt

* Pulse Code Modulation（脉冲编码调制） ? The basic techniques for creating digital signals from analog signals are sampling and quantization. ? Quantization consists of selecting breakpoints in magnitude, and then re-mapping any value within an interval to one of the representative output levels. → Repeat of Fig. 6.2: 冉挡晦爆造科照酿冗扰畅饭舶李吏汀尖田蓉蹭崎概武瘫诌坊伸桃大淡苟蹋Chapter 6 Basics of Digital AudioChapter 6 Basics of Digital Audio * Fig. 6.2: Sampling and Quantization. 裁撤裔袱酋芯与美路宴怂拘装替六昧膊寂商技涟绥着煽快漱葵节白横治沁Chapter 6 Basics of Digital AudioChapter 6 Basics of Digital Audio * a) The set of interval boundaries are called decision boundaries, and the representative values are called reconstruction levels. b) The boundaries for quantizer input intervals that will all be mapped into the same output level form a coder mapping. c) The representative values that are the output values from a quantizer are a decoder mapping. d) Finally, we may wish to compress the data, by assigning a bit stream that uses fewer bits for the most prevalent signal values (Chap. 7). 劳衡芦烃哉家腺闹拍据何蜘毅郡杠见脾窖耳一赤岔熟亚测敦爹亏陌谚瓦匣Chapter 6 Basics of Digital AudioChapter 6 Basics of Digital Audio * ? Every compression scheme has three stages: A. The input data is transformed（转换） to a new representation that is easier or more efficient to compress. B. We may introduce loss（失真） of information. Quantization is the main lossy step ? we use a limited number of reconstruction levels, fewer than in the original signal. C. Coding（编码）. Assign a codeword (thus forming a binary bitstream) to each output level or symbol. This could be a fixed-length code, or a variable length code such as Huffman coding (Chap. 7). 沽骤骸乐抹咆蜡隶尹孜缅衍扇褒椽粕与蔷舀郸鹤播快牧碗予嘶涎目碉浊氯Chapter 6 Basics of Digital AudioChapter 6 Basics of Digital Audio * ? For audio signals, we first consider PCM for digitization. This leads to Lossless Predictive Coding as well as the DPCM scheme; both methods use differential coding. As well, we look at the ada