semanic figures of speech-I.ppt

Semantic Figures of Speech (I) Simile 明喻 Definition: A figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly compared, usually in a phrase introduced by like or as. Etymology: From Latin, likeness or comparison Examples The fog was thick like pea soup. She was as quick as a whip. He behaved like a bull in china shop. Compare the following two sentences: Jim looks like his brother Billy. Jim and his brother are as like as two peas. Four demands for a simile Containing comparative words as like, as， as if，can be likened/compared to, be analogous to, be something of, etc. Two things involved in comparison—tenor and vehicle; Substantially different Similar in at least one quality classification Functionally speaking: Descriptive simile 描绘型明喻 Illuminative simile 启发型明喻 Illustrative simile 说明型明喻 In terms of structure: Open simile Closed simile Metaphor 暗喻 隐喻 Definition: A figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something important in common. A metaphor expresses the unfamiliar (the tenor) in terms of the familiar (the vehicle). “the world is a stage”, Love is a rose, condensed simile Adjective: metaphorical. Etymology: From the Greek, carrying over classification Sustained metaphor Extended metaphor Avoid the two metaphors Mixed metaphor Dead metaphor Syntactically, metaphors fall into the five types Noun metaphors Verb metaphors Adjective metaphors Adverbial metaphors Proverb as vehicles Metonymy 转喻 借代 Definition: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. Examples Crown ---king/queen Bottle---alcoholic drink The press—newspapers, reporters Downing Street---the British government Kremlin---the Russian government He is too fond of red tape.He was steeped in Ruskin. 1. body part as a name for the sense, beha