A American History美国文化.pptVIP

* German farmers settled in Pennsylvania, Swedes founded the colony of Delaware, and African slaves first arrived in Virginia in 1619. In 1626, Dutch settlers purchased Manhattan Island from local Indian chiefs and built the town of New Amsterdam; * 1756年的今天，在英格兰向法兰西宣战后，“七年战争”开战。 * 七年战争（1756年—1763年）是欧洲两大军事集团即英国－普鲁士同盟与法国－奥地利－俄国同盟之间，其中汉诺威为英普的盟友，法奥俄的盟友则为西班牙、葡萄牙、萨克森、瑞典，为争夺殖民地和霸权而进行的一场大规模战争。所以又称英法七年战争，其中英法及印第安人在北美的战争又称为法国-印第安战争，普奥之间的战争则称第三次西里西亚战争。战场遍及欧洲大陆、地中海、北美、古巴、印度和菲律宾等地。这次战争对于18世纪后半期国际战略格局的形成和军事学术的发展均产生了深远影响。 七年战争中，英国是在七年战争中最大的赢家，法国在《巴黎和约》中被迫将整个加拿大割让给英国，并从整个印度撤出，只保留5个市镇，英国成为了海外殖民地霸主，迈向日不落帝国的传奇。 * “波斯顿倾茶事件”使英国政府恼羞成怒。1774年3月，英国政府连续颁布几项高压法令：封锁波斯顿海港，断绝波斯顿的对外通商；取消马萨诸塞的自治权；任命北美殖民地英军总司令盖奇将军为马萨诸塞殖民地总督；增加驻军数量；把俄俄亥河以北，宾夕法尼亚以西的大片土地划归加拿大的魁北克省管辖，阻止十三个殖民地的人民向西部地区移植，即不可容忍法令。 American History The Map of U.S.A American history Discovery English Settlement Colonial Era Revolution Devising a Constitution New Nation Civil War Moving West Isolation and Prosperity The New Deal 1. Discovery Around the year 1000, 500 years earlier than Columbus, a party of Icelandic Vikings under Leif Ericson sailed to the North America and landed at a place they called Vinland. *Leif Ericson:雷夫·埃里克森 挪威探险家，他被认为是第一位登上北美的人，早于哥伦布发现新大陆五百年。根据冰岛传说，他在Vinland(温兰德)建立了挪威人的定居点。 The need for increased trade and an error in navigation led to another European encounter with America. Christopher Columbus, mistakenly believed that he could reach the Far East by sailing 4,000 miles west from Europe. He persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance such a voyage. Columbus sailed west. Instead he landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea. 1. Discovery Bahama [b?‘hɑ:m?] Island: 巴哈马群岛 Caribbean [k?ri’bi(:)?n] Sea: 加勒比海 Columbus eventually explored most of the Caribbean area. He never reached the Far East; but he did return home with some gold. The Spanish established some of the earliest settlements in North America. 1. Discovery The Europeans were initially drawn to the New World