词汇与语法第4讲(时态语态).pptVIP

词汇与语法 第4讲时态语态 动词的基本时态 汉语的时态大多是通过副词来表达的，而英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。 学位英语考试会考察现在时，过去时，将来时，进行时，完成时等时态，其中完成时出现的频率最高。 掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好助动词和时间状语这两个核心要素。 1、一般现在时 : 表示人、事物的现在的状况和特点； 表示人、事物经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time，usually 等时间状语； 表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. Knowledge is power. The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou is situated in the south of China. 考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school. 考点二：在时间和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时；常用的引导词有： 时间状语从句中常用的引导词：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件状语从句中常用的引导词：if, unless If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon. 考点三：在the+比较级… the+比较级 … 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。 The harder you study, the better results you will get. — What would you do if it _____ tomorrow? — We have to carry it on ,since we’ve got everything ready. A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining 答案：B 解析：if引导条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来。 2、现在进行时 表示此时此刻正在发生的动作或现阶段正在进行的活动; 表示感情色彩，加强语气。 We are having English class now. 我们现在有英语课 The house is being built these days. 这些天正在建的房子 考点一：与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用，表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 The little boy is always making mistakes. 考点二：在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作。 Look out when you are crossing the street. Dont wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. 3、完成时（通过考察现在完成时，现在完成进行时，过去完成时，过去完成进行时和将来完成时） 现在完成时（have+done）：表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响。常与already, yet, recently, lately 或频度副词often, never, ever, seldom, twice 等连用。 I have studied English for 15 years. We have been to the Great Wall many times. He hasn’t translated the novel yet. 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 2004. I have learned English for ten years. 考点二：当出现“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”的时间状语时，谓语动词常用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days; over the past few year