2017年CUPT题目中英文版.doc

中国大学生物理学术竞赛2017年题目 1. Invent Yourself Construct a passive device that will provide safe landing for an uncooked hen’s egg when dropped onto a hard surface from a fixed height of 2.5 m. The device must fall together with the egg. What is the smallest size of the device you can achieve? 发明创造 请设计和制造一个装置，能保护一个鸡蛋从2.5m的高度自由落下到硬地面上并且这个装置必须和鸡蛋同时下落，你能够设计的最小尺寸是多少？ 2. Balloon Airhorn A simple airhorn can be constructed by stretching a balloon over the opening of a small container or cup with a tube through the other end (see Figure). Blowing through a small hole in the side of the container can produce a sound. Investigate how relevant parameters affect the sound. 气球汽笛 一个简单的汽笛可以这样制造：用一根穿过一只小型容器（或杯子）底部的管子拉伸位于容器（或杯子）开口处的气膜。经过在容器侧壁处的小孔，鼓风可以产生一个声音。解释声音受到相关参量的影响。 3. Single Lens Telescope A telescope can be built using a single lens, provided that a small aperture is used instead of an eyepiece. How do the parameters of the lens and the hole influence the image (e.g. magnification, sharpness and brightness)? 单透镜望远镜 一架望远镜可只用一枚透镜制作，如果小光圈被用于替代目镜，那么透镜参数和小孔将会怎样影响所成的图像（如放大率、清晰度和亮度）？ 4. Magnetic Hills A small amount of a ferrofluid placed in an inhomogeneous magnetic field forms hill-like structures. Investigate how the properties of these structures depend on relevant parameters. 磁场山 置于非均匀磁场中的少量磁性流体会形成山丘状结构，讨论这些结构的属性如何依赖于相关参数。 5. Leidenfrost Stars In the Leidenfrost effect, a water drop placed on a hot surface can survive for minutes. Under certain circumstances, such a drop develops oscillating star shapes. Induce different oscillatory modes and investigate them. 莱氏星星 在莱氏效应中，置于热表面的水滴可存在几分钟。在某些情况下，水滴会发展为振荡的星形状态。引入不同的振荡模式并探讨它们。 6. Fast Chain A chain consisting of wooden blocks inclined relative to the vertical and connected by two threads (see Figure) is suspended vertically and then released. Compared to free fall, the chain falls faster when it is dropped onto a horizontal surface. Explain this phenomenon and investigate how the relevant parameters affect the motion. 快链条 一根链条