专业英语33053.pptVIP

Their high molecular weights（MW）are range from the thousands to the hundreds of thousands . Polymers，or macromolecules, are produced when large numbers of smaller molecules(monomers) are bonded together. acrylonitrile丙烯腈 Polyacrylonitrile 聚丙烯腈 （均聚物） A polymer comprised of a single recurring monomer， M，is termed a homopolymer R-M （ M ） M-R A polymer contains at least two structurally distinct monomeric units ,distributed at random in the molecule is called a copolymer. （共聚物） R-M1 （M1-M2） M2-R eg： n HOOC COOH + n HO（CH2）OH HO 【 OC CO O（ CH2 ）O 】 H+ （2n-1） H2O 1. chain reaction polymerization As the name implies, chain reaction polymerization is a chain reaction in which the initiator may be a cation, anion, or free radical. The principal types of polymerization reactions are chain reaction polymerization（连锁聚合反应） and step reaction polymerization（逐步聚合or线型逐步聚合 ） . 2. step reaction polymerization step reaction polymerization typically involves the reaction between two different, difunctionalized monomers. Both functionalities of each monomer react, and this leads to the formation of polymers. Natural Polymers Two natural polymers--cellulose and rubber--were the first polymers to be put into commercial use. Each had to be structurally modified to achieve usefull properties. 1.Cellulose The repeating unit in natural cellulose is a ring structure with numerous hydroxyl groups which provide strong hydrogen bonding between the chains. Natural cellulose is not thermoplastic. But by converting some of the hydroxyl groups to functional groups that do not form hydrogen bonds, it is possible to alter the properties of the natural polymer. 2.Natural Rubber Natural rubber is an unsaturated polymer in which the chain enters and leaves each covalent double bond in a cis orientation(the trans isomer is not rubbery ).