选修7被动语态与不定式grammarPassiveinfinitive解读.ppt

Grammar Passive infinitive Ⅰ 1.被动语态结构 一般现在时 be + v-ed 一般过去时 was/were + v-ed 一般将来时 will be done 2.被动语态的执行者用by,by结构可省略 This question can be answered even by a child. The meeting will be put off. Has the doctor been sent for? 有些动作执行者需要用其他介词短语表示 Snow covered the ground.-------- The ground was covered with snow. Everybody knows the truth.------- The truth is known to everybody. 3.by 省略情况 1.动作者不言自明 English is spoken in Australia. The stars are seen at night. 2.说话者不知道动作的执行者 Her father was killed in World WarⅡ It is said that he is wealthy. 3.说话者强调动作的本身，没必要提及动作的执行者 The office looks nice. It has just been cleaned. 4.使用被动语态特殊情况 1.动词是短语，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词 My sister will be taken care of by grandma. 2.表示“据说，据报道”等 It is said that he has gone abroad. 常见： It is reported that… it must be admitted that… It is hoped that… it must be pointed that… It is well known that… it is ordered that… It is supposed that… It is generally considered that… It has been proved that… 5.不用被动语态情况 1. vi.及vi.短语 (appear, disappear, die, end, fail, happen, last, lie, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence…) The book was fallen off the shelf. (F) The book fell off the shelf. 2.表示状态的vt.不用被动 (fit, have, hold, own, lack, benefit, suit, agree with, possess) He lacks courage to do it. The key just fits the lock. The dress suits you. 6.主动表被动 1.感官动词及连系动词 （look, taste, sound, feel, smell, be, become, get, grow, seem, turn等） The bed feels hard. It sounds good. The cloth feels smooth. These flowers smell very nice. 2.某些动词用特殊副词修饰，主动形式表被动。 v.( sell, wash, clean, burn, cook, cut, read, wear, write,) adv.( well, easily, perfectly) The book sells well. The knife cuts easily. 3.表开始和结束的动词 Class begins at eight. The performance ended at 10 o’clock. 4. be worth ,want, need, require等，物做主语，后接v-ing，表示被动含义 This book is worth reading. This little baby requires looking after carefully. Your hair needs cutting.=Your hair needs to be cut. 5. adj. + to do不定式