第04章输入输出系统2 eng.pptVIP

Error Detection and Correction Bit Error Rate, BER, is the probability that, when read, a given bit will be in error. BER is a statistical property Especially important in I/O, where noise and signal integrity cannot be so easily controlled 10-18 inside processor 10-8 - 10-12 or worse in outside world Many techniques Parity check SECDED Encoding CRC Parity Checking Add a Parity Bit to the word Even Parity: Add a bit if needed to make number of bits even Odd Parity: Add a bit if needed to make number of bits odd Example: for word to add odd parity bit: 100110101 Hamming Codes Hamming codes are a class of codes that use combinations of parity checks to both detect and correct errors. They add a group of parity check bits to the data bits. For ease of visualization, intersperse the parity bits within the data bits; reserve bit locations whose bit numbers are powers of 2 for the parity bits. Number the bits from l to r, starting at 1 A given parity bit is computed from data bits whose bit numbers contain a 1 at the parity bit number. Fig 4.20: Multiple Parity Checks Making up a Hamming Code Add parity bits, Pi, to data bits, Di Reserve bit numbers that are a power of 2 for Parity Bits Example: P1=001, P2 = 010, P4=100, etc. Each parity bit, Pi, is computed over those data bits that have a 1 at the bit number of the parity bit. Example: P2(010) is computed from D3 (011), D6 (110), D7(111), ... Thus each bit takes part in a different combination of parity checks. When the word is checked, if only one bit is in error, all the parity bits that use it in their computation will be incorrect. 海明校验码(校验位数) 海明码需要几位校验码？ k—数据位的位数 r—校验位的位数 数据位k与校验位r的关系：2r ≥ k+r+1 数据位k 校验位r 总位数n 1 2 3 2~4 3 5~7 5~11 4 9~15 12~26 5 17~31 27~57 6 33~63 58~120 7