09级跨文化交际06.pptVIP

Intercultural Communication 梁 正 宇zhengyul@ 232 1159 6. Language and culture Linguistics The structure of human language Characteristics of language Variations of human language Language and culture Cultural value orientations and language expressions 1. Linguistics? The scientific study of human language. Dealing with the relationship between language and communication. Includes morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics. 2. The structure of human language Morphology (词法、词态学) Phonology (音韵学，音系学) Syntax （句法学） Semantics （语义学） Pragmatics （语用学） 3. The characteristics of language Symbolic Rule-governed Subjective Dynamic 4. The variations of language Dialects (social dialect, ethnic dialect) Pidgin (混杂语言） Creole Lingua Franca Jargon (行话、黑话、行业术语） Argot （俚语） Taboo 克里奥尔(creole)一词原意是“混合”，泛指世界上那些由葡萄牙语、英语、法语以及非洲语言混合并简化而生的语言，美国南部、加勒比地区以及西非的一些地方所说的语言也都统称为克里奥尔语，有些克里奥尔语以英语为基础，而塞舌尔的克里奥尔语则更多的采用法语单词。 5. Language and culture What is language? Language determines culture? Language reflects attitudes? What is language? Human speech; The ability to communicate by this means; A system of vocal sounds and combinations of such sounds to which meaning is attributed, used for the expression or communication of thoughts and feelings; The written representation of such a system; Any means of expressing or communicating, as gestures, signs, or animal sounds; A special set of symbols, letters, numerals, rules etc. used for the transmission of information, as in a computer; … (Webster’s new world dictionary) A means of verbal communication. Instrumental (communicating by speaking or writing is a purposeful act). Social and conventional (language is a social semiotic and communication can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues, motivation, and socio- cultural roles). Language learning and use are determined by the intervention of biological, cognitive, psychosocial, and envi