高中英语（北师大版必修3）导学案：Unit 9 Wheels单元语法.docVIP

Unit 9 语法复习 ——现在时have/has+过去分词(done) 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.已完成用法表示一个过去发生并结束的动作对现在的影响结果这一类情况可以细致分为下述两种情况。1）表示开始于过去的动作刚刚结束。常和just，now，already，yet，not…yet等连用。Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。（说明现在灯关上了）?Ive finished my homework now. 现在我已经做完作业了。（说明可以交作业或做别的了）2）表示过去动作的结果，现在仍残留着。一般不用时间状语。I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。（说明过去某时丢的，现在还没找到这支笔）She has become a teacher. 她已经当了老师。（说明她现在仍是老师）未完成用法。表示持续到现在，for+时段for a long time，for a monthsince+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来since 1991/yesterday） since+时段+agosince 2 days ago） ④since+从句（过去时） It is+时段+since+从句（过去时） today，this week（month），lately，recently，these days，in the past few days，during the last two weeks，，so far，up to now，till（until） nowHe has lived here for 30 years.?他住在这儿三十年了。（现在还住在这儿）?Theyve known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。（现在还往来）How long have you studied English？你学英语多久了？（现在仍在学）经验性用法表示从过去I have been to the Summer Palace twice. 我曾经去过颐和园两次。He has always said so.他总是这么说. 四．现在完成时的时间状语 1. 现在完成时时间状语。用副词alreadyyet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。用ever和never多用于否定或疑问句中，表示曾经或从未等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。?用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如before, up to now, the past few years等。如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.?我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。用包括现在在内的时间状语，如now, today, this morning(month, year, term)等。如：-Have you met him today?-No, I havent. 今天你见过他吗？我没有。He has been there three times the last few days.?近几他去过那里三次了。?How many times have you been there this year??今年你去过那里多少次？ 短暂性动词不能和表一段时间的时间状语连用。如：come, go, arrive, reach, hear, close, leave, begin, start, lose, buy, fall, join, die, get up等。但如果要保留表一段时间的时间状语，必须将动词改为延续性动词for+时段since+过去一个时间点现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换/lost open-----be open close-----be close finish( end )→be over go out----be out 用“be+副词”代替短暂性动词 start/begin-----be on get up→ be up return/come back/go back→be back l