汽油机油基本知识.docxVIP

汽油机油Gasoline engine oil我国汽油机油的产品标记如下三部分组成：质量等级黏度等级汽油机油①②③例如：SF 10W-30汽油机油、SE 30 汽油机油。1、质量等级：国内一般参考API服务作为标准。API--American Petroleum Institute，美国石油学会。详细第1章2、黏度等级：国内一般参考SAE黏度等级作为标准。SAE-- Society of Automotive Engineers，美国汽车工程师学会。详细见第2章长城SG 15W-40美孚 SN 10W-40汽车用润滑剂有1、机油engine oil；2、自动变速器液automatic transmission fluid (ATF)；3、冷却液COOLANT；4、润滑脂；5、刹车油；6、齿轮油等，本文只介绍汽油机油。汽油机油属于润滑油的一种，故其组成成分与润滑油一致，如Lubricant Oil（85-95%）=Base Oil+Additives（润滑油=基础油+添加剂）=植物油矿物油合成油+粘度指数改进剂清净分散剂抗磨剂抗氧化剂降凝剂摩擦改进剂防锈剂抗泡剂其他添加剂基础油（Base Oil）类型冷启动性能抗氧化性保护发动机性能清洁性防噪音适用温度范围全合成Full synthetics半合成Semi-synthetic oil矿物质Mineral oil备注：全合成润滑油、半合成润滑油与矿物油润滑油的性能比较，满分五颗星；“合成”并不是 API 分类。“合成”是市场用语, 不是技术名称“III类”可以合法标作“合成”。合成基础油的特点：高粘度指数；不易挥发；低倾点；氧化安定性好；成本较高、溶解性问题、密封材料相容性问题API质量等级介绍API：American Petroleum Institute，中文为美国石油学会，国内一般参考API为机油质量等级的符号。最新的汽油发动机（Gasoline Engines）质量等级如表1–1表–1CategoryStatusServiceSNCurrentIntroduced in October 2010, designed to provide improved high temperature deposit protection for pistons, more stringent sludge control, and seal compatibility. API SN with Resource Conserving matches ILSAC GF-5 by combining API SN performance with improved fuel economy, turbocharger protection, emission control system compatibility, and protection of engines operating on ethanol-containing fuels up to E85.SMCurrentFor 2010 and older automotive engines.SLCurrentFor 2004 and older automotive engines.SJCurrentFor 2001 and older automotive engines.SHObsoleteOBSOLETE: For 1996 and older automotive engines.SGObsoleteCAUTION: Not suitable for use in most gasoline-powered automotive engines built after 1993. May not provide adequate protection against build-up of engine sludge, oxidation, or wear.SFObsoleteCAUTION: Not suitable for use in most gasoline-powered automotive engines built after 1988. May not provide adequate protection against build-up of engine sludge.SEObsoleteCAUTION: Not suitable for use in most gasoline-powered automotive engines built after 1979.SDObsoleteCAUTION: Not suitable for use in most gasoline-powe