高三英语语法专题复习译林版 知识精讲.docVIP

高三英语语法专题复习译林版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 语法专题复习 二. 教学目标： 冠词复习 三. 教学重难点： 冠词的复习与运用 冠词的用法： 冠词：定冠词(the) 不定冠词(a, an) 一、定冠词的基本用法 1. 定冠词的特指用法 1)定冠词的特指用法通常都是确定的特指，比如：重提上文提到过的人或物时，要用定冠词： I saw a girl and an old man in the house. The old man must be the girl’s grandfather. He ordered some books last month. The books have now arrived. 2)在名词词组中，如果名词之后带有限制性定语或其前带有最高级形容词，要用定冠词： Is this the train for Shanghai? The flowers in her garden smell fragrant. Here is the letter to be posted. This is the most interesting book I have ever read. 3)当讲到说话人和听话人都知道的人或物时，要用定冠词： I’m just back from the market. Has the postman been here? 4)当名词前带有first, next, last, same, only 等表示独特含义的词语时，要用定冠词： When is the next flight to Beijing? He is always the first to come and the last to leave. This is the only copy I have ever collected. 2. 定冠词的类指用法 1）用“定冠词+单数名词” 可指整个类别, 区别于另一个类别: The tiger and the cat belong to the same family of mammals. The book is used for the teacher, not for the student. 2)“用定冠词+表示国籍的形容词”可指整个民族或国人。 The English have had long trade relations with the Chinese. 3)“用定冠词+普通形容词”可指一类人。 the blind; the dying; the learned 4）“定冠词+某些复数名词”可指一定的阶级，阶层或外国人。 He says he keeps away from the lawyers and the doctors. 3. 定冠词的其他用法 1)在表示某些独一无二的事物时，要用定冠词： the sun, the moon, the earth, the northern pole, the equator 2)在表示海洋，江河，湖泊，群岛，山脉，沙漠，海峡等的专有名词前，要用定冠词 。 the West Lake, the Atlantic, the Changjiang river 3)在乐器名称前，要用定冠词 Tom played the piano and I played the violin. 4)在表示某一家人的专有名词前，要用定冠词。 The Browns have arrived. 5) 用在表示单位的名词前 He gets paid by time . * He gets paid by the day/by the hour. 二、不定冠词的基本用法 不定冠词 a, an 用于泛指和类指。 1. 不定冠词的泛指用法 They live in a house. 2. 不定冠词的类指用法 不定冠词与单数名词搭配可类指，即指同类的人或物中的任何一个。 A car must be insured. A child needs love. *要注意区别“不定冠词+单数名词”的类指用法与泛指用法，这要依上下文来判定。 He bought an English dictionary. （ ） He needs an English dictionary. （ ） A child came to my room. ( ) A child must be educated in some way. ( ) 3. 不定冠词的指量用法 不定冠词在下列结构中有“一个”的含义，属