翻译课堂Presentation -Translation Shifts.pptVIP

 Main Ideas shifts By shifts we mean departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to the TL. level shifts By a shift of level, we mean that a SL item at one linguistic level has a TL translation equivalent at a different level. linguistic level: phonology, graphology, grammar and lexis examples category shifts Category shifts are departures from formal correspondence in translation. We referred to unbounded and rank-bound translation unbounded and rank-bound translation unbounded translation refers to approximately “normal” or “free” translation in which SL-TL equivalences are set up at whatever rank is appropriate. rank-bound translation  It only refers to those special cases where equivalence is deliberately limited to ranks below the sentence, thus leading to “bad translation” e.g. MT (machine translation) 1. structure-shifts example 2. class-shifts Class shift occurs when the translation equivalence of SL item is a member of a different class from the original item. examples （6）His speech impressed the audience deeply. 译文：他的讲演给听众的印象很深。 （7）…and that government of the people, by the people, for the people. 译文：民有、民治、民享的政府。 SL:动词 TL: 名词 SL:介词 TL: 动词 3. unit-shifts By unit- shift we mean that change of rank - that is, departure from formal correspondence in which the translation equivalent of a unit at one rank in the SL is a unit at a different rank in the TL. example （8）She had gone back to staring out of the window. 译文：她又凝望起窗外来了。 SL: 短语、词组 TL: 单个的词 4. intra-system-shifts Intra- system- shift means a departure from formal correspondence in which one system in the SL has as its translation equivalent in a different –non- corresponding- system in the TL. exa