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Lesson One Elements and Compounds 第一课 元素和化合物 Elements are pure substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical changes?. At the present time there are 109 known elements. Some common elements that are familiar to you are carbon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, copper, nitrogen, and gold?. The elements are the building blocks of matter just as the numerals 0 through 9 are the building blocks for numbers. To the best of our knowledge, the elements that have been found on the earth also comprise the entire universe?. 元素是不能被普通化学反应分解成简单物质的纯净物，在目前已知的元素有109种。一些是你熟悉的普通元素如碳、氧、铝、铁、铜、氮和金。像阿拉伯数字0到9是数字的基石一样，元素是构成物质的基石。据我们所知，已经在地球上发现的元素也是构成整个宇宙的元素。 About 85% of the elements can be found in nature, usually combined with other elements in minerals and vegetable matter or in substances like water and carbon dioxide.大约85%的元素可以在自然界被发现，它们通常在矿物、植物或者象水和二氧化碳这样的物质中与其他元素结合。 Copper, silver, gold, and about 20 other elements can be found in highly pure forms. Sixteen elements are not found in nature; they have been produced in generally small amounts in nuclear explosions and nuclear research. They are man-made elements.铜、银、金子和大约20种其他元素可以以高度纯净的形式存在。十六种元素在自然界不能被找到；它们是人造元素，一般在核爆炸和核研究中少量生产。 Pure substances composed of two or more elements are called compounds. Because they contain two or more elements, compounds, unlike elements, are capable of being decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes. The ultimate chemical decomposition of compounds produces the elements from which they are made. 由两个或多个元素组成的纯净物称化合物，化合物不同于元素，由于它们包含两个或多个元素，能被化学反应分解为单质，化合物的最终分解为组成它们的元素。 The atoms of the elements in a compound are combined in whole number ratio, not in fractional parts of an atom. Atoms combined with one another to form compounds which exist as either molecule or ions. A molecule is a small, uncharged individual unit of a compound formed by the union of two or more atoms, if we subdivide a drop of water into smaller and smaller particals; we ultimately obtai