Unit478670.pptVIP

Computer English Unit 4 Software Development (软件开发) Most program use several varieties of subroutines. The most common of these are functions, procedures, library routines, system routines, and device drives. Functions are short subroutines that compute some value, such as computations of angles, which the computer cannot compute with single basic instruction. Procedures perform a more complex function, such as sorting a set of names. 大多数程序使用几种不同的子例程。其中最常用的是函数、过程、库、系统例程以及设备驱动程序。函数是一种短的子程序，用来计算某个值，如角的计算，而计算机仅用一条基本指令无法计算该值。过程执行的是比较复杂的功能，如给一组名字排序。 When the application reaches completion or is prompted to quit, it makes further system calls to make sure that all data needs to be saved has been written back to disk. It then makes a final system call to the operating system indicating that it is finished. The operating system then frees up the RAM and any devices that the application was using and awaits a command from the user to start another program. 当应用程序运行结束或接到退出的提示时，应用程序作进一步的系统调用，以确保所有需要保存的数据已写回磁盘。然后，应用程序向操作系统作最后一次系统调用，指明它已运行结束。操作系统接下来释放随机存储器和该应用程序使用的任何设备，并等待用户的命令，以开始运行另一个程序。 Ⅴ. History （历史） People have been storing sequences of instructions in the form of a program for several centuries. Music boxes of the 18th century and player pianos of the late 19th and early 20th centuries played musical programs stored as series of metal pins, or holes in paper, with each line (of pins or holes) representing when a note was to be played, and the pin or hole indicating what note was to be played at that time. More elaborate control of physical devices became common in the early 1800s with French inventor Joseph-Marie Jacquard’s invention of the punch-card controlled weaving loom. In the process of weaving a particular pattern, various parts of the loom had to be mechanically positioned. 19世纪初，随着法国发明家约瑟夫—玛丽·雅卡尔发明了由穿孔卡片控制的织布机，对物理设备更精巧的控制变得常见了。在编织特定图案的过程中，织布机的各个部分必须进行机械定位。 To automate this process, Jacquard used a single paper card to represent e