英国文学84600.pptVIP

Part Three: The Period of Revolution and Restoration (The 17th Century) Historical Background The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous periods in English history. The contradictions between the feudal system and the bourgeoisie had reached it peak and resulted in a revolutionary outburst. Elizabeth: died in 1603 James Ⅰ: government—a despotism based upon the theory of the divine right of kings Charles Ⅰ: succeeded James Ⅰin 1625, the religious tyranny of Archbishop Laud was added to the political tyranny of the king Oliver Cromwell: in 1629 CharlesⅠwas beheaded, England became a commonwealth Charles Ⅱ: after Cromwells death in 1660, monarchy was again restored—the period of the Restoration James Ⅱ:attempted to establish another despotism in church and state Prince William of Orange (husband of the kings daughter Mary): was invited to the English throne in 1688 Glorious Revolution Literary Characteristics Medieval standards of chivalry, the impossible loves and romances perished . The puritans believed in simplicity of life. They disapproved of the sonnets and love poetry written in the previous period. In 1642 the theatres were closed.The Bible became now the one book of the people. Literature was very much concerned with the tremendous social upheavals of the time. John Milton(1608-1774) He was one of the greatest poets of England, defended the English Commonwealth with his pen. His pamphlets played an active part in pushing on the revolutionary cause. Even after the Restoration in 1660, he and Bunyan continued to defend in their works the ideals of the Revolution, the good old cause, and expose the reactionary forces. Life Experiences 1608: born in a prosperous family 1621(12): St. Pauls (a famous boys school) 1624(15): Cambridge University 1632-1638: country house, private study 1638(29): set out for a tour on the Continent 1639: returned to London (news of the break between King and Parliament) opposed the monarchic party, dedicated to