高三一轮复习定语从句讲解.pptVIP

定语的位置 I like the green team. I like the team in green. I like the team who were wearing green. 这是我的杯子 This is my cup. 这是装满水的杯子。 This is the cup full of tea. 这是我喝茶用的杯子。 This is the cup which I drink tea with. 定语从句的定义 定语从句，也称关系从句和形容词性从句，由关系代词或关系副词引导，用来限制，描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词（有时也可以说明整个句子或主句中的一部分），即句子作定语。 The girl who is standing there is Mary. 先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 1.连接作用:引导从句并同时连接主句. 2.指代作用:在从句中指代它前面的先行词. 3.成分作用:在从句中充当成分.如:主语(who,that,which);宾语(who, whom,which,that); 表语(that,as);定语(whose,…of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why). 说明:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,其他成分一般不可省略. 判断是定语从句的三要素 1. 看是否有先行词。 2 看是否有关系词。 3 看是否关系词在定语从句中做成分。  This is the cup which I drink tea with. October 1,1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. This is the place where my mother was born. I dont know the reason why she looks unhappy today 引导定语从句的关系代词 在定语从句中用什么关系词的方法 1.看先行词是什么. 2.看关系词在定语从句中做什么成分. 主语(who,that,which);宾语(who, whom,which,that); 表语(that,as);定语(whose,…of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why). 10.被修饰词为数词时。 Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are still alive. 先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用that，不宜用which的情况： 定语从句中先行词指物宜用that，不宜用which的情况. 1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词时. 2.先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时. 3.先行词既有人又有物时 4.先行词是all, much, little,something,everything, anything, nothing, none,the one等代词时 5.先行词any, few,little,no, all, one of,the same, the very, the only, just the等词修饰时 6.如有主句含两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that,以避免语言的单调或重复。 7.主句已有疑问词which时 8.主句是There be结构，修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that指代物。 9.被修饰词为数词时。 先行词指物时定语从句中关系代词宜用which而不宜用that的情况。 1.关系代词前有介词时,只用which，且关系代词一律不能省略。 2.在非限定性定语从句中，只用which，不用that。 3.当关系代词指代前面整个句子时。 关系代词与介词 1. 当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。(固定短语中的介词不可提前) 例如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter. 2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，且这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 例如：The man whom/who/that/可省 he wants to see is in Shanghai