2011届高考英语考点语法专题复习11范例.ppt

1.倒装句 (1)完全倒装 谓语动词完全搬到主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种： 1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如： here, there, now, then, under, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首。如： In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. In this chapter will be found the answers to those questions. South of the river lies a small factory. Out rushed the children. Away flew the plane. 2)such置于句首时。如： Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century’s greatest scientist. 此句型中的such多被认为是表语，所以such后的be动词应与其后的“真正的主语”保持一致。如： Such are the facts; no one can deny them. (2)部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种： 1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如： Only in this way can we learn English well. Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 注意：only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如： Only he can answer the question. 2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom等置于句首时。如： Never before have I seen such a moving film.＝I have never seen such a moving film before. Not a single mistake did he make.＝He didn’t make a single mistake. Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.＝I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark. 3)虚拟语气中，省略if的句子，可将were, had或should放于句首，构成倒装句。如： If it should be fine tomorrow, we would go swimming.＝Should it be fine tomorrow, we would go swimming. 4)以下六个重要的固定句型常用倒装形式： ①...so＋be/have/助动词/情态动词/＋主语，表示“……也是如此”。如： They love having lots of friends; so do those with disabilities. 注意：如果句意不是“……也是如此”，而仅是对前面内容的肯定或附和(此时的so＝indeed)，那么，句子则不可使用倒装式。例如： He said he would help us, and so he did. 他说他要帮助我们，他的确这么做了。 A: It is hot.　　　 　 　A：天真热。 B: So it is. B：的确如此。 A: He is lazy. A：他真懒。 B: So is she. B：她也一样。 ②...neither(或nor)＋be/have/助动词/情态动词＋主语，表示“……也不这样”。 Lily can’t ride; neither(或nor) can Lucy. ③so＋adj./adv. that...“如此……，以至于……”。 So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood. ④neither..., nor...“不……，也不……”。 由于neither和nor都是否定词，所以其前后句均需倒装。如： Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so. ⑤not only..., but also...“不仅……而且……”。 Not only will the