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The Dynamics ofMass Communication Joseph R. Dominick 8 Elements of the Communication Process Encoding Source Message Channel Receiver Feedback Noise Decoding The Communication Process Communication Settings Interpersonal Communication Machine-Assisted Communication Mass Communication Interpersonal Communication Source can be an individual or group Receiver can be an individual or group Encoding is usually a one-step process Variety of channels usually available Messages hard for receiver to terminate Interpersonal (Continued) Produced at little or no expense Messages are generally private Message can pinpoint specific targets Feedback is immediate Machine-Assisted Communication Source may be an individual or group May or may not be easy to identify Source may or may not have first-hand knowledge of the receiver Encoding can be simple to complex Two encoding stages: 1. source translates thoughts into symbols 2. encodes message for transmission/storage Machine-Assisted (Continued) Encoding may require several stages Two encoding stages: 1. source translates thoughts into symbols 2. encodes message for transmission/storage Channel options more restricted than interpersonal communication Variety of channels usually available Machine-Assisted (Continued) Machine-assisted messages have at least one machine between source and receiver Message customizability varies Messages can be both private or public Messages relatively inexpensive to send Ease of ending communication varies due to “psychological distance” Machine-Assisted (Continued) Decoding may require one or more stages Receiver may be an individual or group; may or may not be easy to identify Receivers can be selected for a message or they can self-select themselves Feedback can be immediate or delayed (but never as abundant as interpersonal) Machine-Assisted (Continued) Noise can be Semantic Environmental and/or mechanical Use of mechanical-assisted interpersonal communication will