优良产酸硫细菌的分离筛选及其对盐碱土的改良效果初探.docVIP

优良产酸硫细菌的分离筛选及其对盐碱土的改良效果初探 作者：张小鹏 指导教师：来航线 摘 要：本实验对宁夏平罗地区的部分盐碱土进行了产酸菌的分离，通过降pH效果验证获得了25株具有氧化硫磺产酸效果的硫细菌，其中5株效果较好。并以此为出发菌株进一步进行土培试验，探讨了各个时期硫细菌在改良盐碱土过程中土壤微生物区系及土壤SO42-浓度、pH值和EC值的变化。试验表明：不同接种处理可显著提高土壤微生物的活性，增加硫细菌的种类和数量；SO42-浓度整体上表现为上升趋势，土壤pH值则表现为降低的趋势，EC值变化不明显。最后综合筛选出两株优良菌进行生长曲线测定，筛选出有利于工业发酵的菌株。 关键词：降pH试验；硫细菌；土培试验；生长曲线 The isolation and screening of fine sulfur bacteria producing acid and study on the improvement effect on saline-alkaline soil Author: Zhang Xiaopeng Advisor: Lai Hangxian Abstract: The producing acid bacteria were isolated from the saline-alkaline soil in Pingluo, Ningxia province. 25 sulfur bacteria producing acid had been obtained through the acid decreasing experiment, among them，five strains had a good effect. Then, soil culture experiment was conducted to research the changing of soil microflora, SO42- value, pH value and EC value in each period after the saline-alkaline soil inoculated with sulfur bacteria. The result shows that different inoculations of sulfur bacteria on saline-alkaline soil can improve the activity of soil microorganism significantly, increase the species and quantities of sulfur bacteria; the SO2-4 value of the soil showed rising trend from the whole aspect, while the pH value showed downward trend, the EC value did not change significantly. Two fine strains had been comprehensively selected to detect growth curves, which was measured to selectdecide the appropriate strain in industrial fermentation. Key words: the experiment of decreasing the pH value；sulfur bacteria; soil culture experiment; growth curve 1 综述 1.1 研究背景 人类进入21世纪,科学技术的发展达到了一个新的阶段,极大地推动了社会经济的进步。另一方面, 人类面临的问题仍然十分突出, 如气候变化,土地沙漠化,盐碱化,环境污染等[1, 2 ]。在发展中国家, 由于人口日益增长, 耕地面积不断减少, 大量森林、草地、湿地等被开垦为耕地, 进行集约经营,破坏了原有植被和土壤结构, 导致土地盐碱化[3~5]，即使土壤逐渐成为含盐、碱、硝等有害盐类的低产土壤。在2002年9月约翰内斯堡召开的第二次国际可持续发展会议指出,继第一次国际可持续发展会议(1992 里约热内卢) 10 年之后, 全球面临的人口-环境-资源问题更加严重, 其中土地沙漠化, 水土流失和盐碱化呈现逐步加重的趋势。据估计, 全球盐碱地每年以1×106～1.5×106 hm2 的速度在增长[6]。 盐碱地(土)是盐化土, 碱化土和盐碱土的总称。在土壤分类学上, 不同的国家和国