中山大学2015级博士研究生精读课词汇整理.doc

中山大学2015级博士精读课词汇整理 Unit 1 My Hope for MedicinePara 1 reflect (on)：to think seriously or carefully; ponder仔细考虑思考反省回想e.g. to reflect on the question fall to：开始开始进食着手干 1) to begin; to set about e.g. He fell to work. 2) to move or come into place e.g. to fall to one’s feet (=to kneel down / to collapse) Para 2 Zeal：intense desire or devotion; earnest enthusiasmgroundbreaking：characterized by originality and innovation:n.动工adj.开创性的e.g. a groundbreaking technology（极富创造力的技术） calling：愿望欲望对某项工作的爱好或使命感1) an inner urge; a strong impulse. e.g. He had a calling to become a firefighter. （他有过当一名消防员的愿望。） e.g. My son has a calling to become an artist. （我儿子有一股热望,要成为一名艺术家。） 2) an occupation, a profession, or a career.e.g. She is a singer by calling. （她的职业是歌唱家。e.g. What calling does he follow?（他是干什么的?Para 3 radicular：of or relating to the root(神经)根的 to subject (sb to sth)：to cause to undergo or experience; to expose e.g. He often subjects himself to strong self-criticism. e.g. The plan should be subjected to careful consideration before it is carried out. Para 4 quite difficult：rather troublesomePara 6 progression (of a disease, esp. cancer) ：the process of spreading or becoming more severe扩散或恶化Para 7 bureaucrat： ruse：action or plan intended to deceive; trickn.策略计策诡计inflated price tag = increased medical expenses(增加医疗费用) to inflate：to increase beyond previous or usual levels, as prices or currencyNothing could be further from the truth=It is absolutely untrue/wrong. to astound：to overcome with sudden surprise or amazement; stun使惊骇使震惊Para 8 there are thousands of persons who are alive only they are hooked to a respirator. only：conj. except that; but e.g. I would have come, only it was raining. hooked to：connected to用钩固定与…相连接连接到… “fat in the system”：redundancy in the medical care system fat：obesity; corpulence臃肿，肥胖there can be no heroic efforts made to keep chronically ill patients alive. heroic：on a grand scale; large or impressive（大规模的；堂皇的） cf. extraordinary Para 9 litigation：th