第三章 传热学数值解5.ppt

Five Chapter Numberical Method for Conduction * 5.1 Finite Difference Equation Numerical Technique × Analatical Method Separate Method Complex Boundary Nonlinear Boundary √ ≤Two-dimension 5.1.1 The Nodal Network Analytical method At any point of interest Numberical method At only discrete point Nodal point: This is done by subdividing the medium of interest into a number of small regions and assigning to each a reference point that is at its center. The reference point is frequently termed a nodal point (or simply a node). Nodal network: The aggregate of points is termed a nodal network, grid or mesh. The nodal points are designated by a numbering scheme that, for a two-dimensional system, may take the form. The x and y locations are designated by the m and n indices, respectively. Average temperature: It is important to each nodal represents a certain region, and its temperature is a measure of the average temperature of the region. Node selection: The selection of nodal points is rarely arbitrary, depending ofen on matters such as geometric convenience and the desired accuracy. y,n x,m Average temperature Figure5.1 Two-dimensional conduction. (a) Nodal network. (b) Finite-difference approximation. (a) (b) 5.1.2 Finite-Difference Form of the Heat Equation Exact differential equation Finite-difference form of the heat equation 5.1.3 The Energy Balance Method Energy balance method:The finite-difference equation for a node may also be obtained by applying conservation of energy to a control volume about nodal region. Since the actual direction of heat flow (into or out of the node) is unknown, it is convenient to formulate the energy balance by assuming that all the heat flow is into the node. For steady-state conditions with generation, there is Figure5.2 Conduction to an interior node from its adjoining nodes. Interior node Figure5.3 Formulation of the finite-difference equation for an internal corner of a solid with surface convection. Corner n