词语翻译1---PPT.pptVIP

Unit 2 Diction 遣词用字 By “diction” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. The meaning of a word is its use in the language. 词语意义的分类 referential meaning： 指称意义 connotative meaning： 内涵意义 affective meaning： 情感意义 collocative meaning: 搭配意义 stylistic meaning： 文体意义 contextual meaning：语境意义 grammatical meaning：语法意义 指称意义:又称概念意义或认知意义，是语言符号和它所描绘或叙述的主观/客观世界的实体和事件之间的关系，它是语言交际的核心因素。 e.g. apple---苹果，woman---女人 指称意义的核心内容是区别性特征。 apple---[fruit]+[round]+[firm, juicy, fleshy] woman---[human]+[female]+[adult] girl---[human]+[female]-[adult] 指称意义 VS 字面意义 Indian meal Indian summer Indian file Indian club Indian ink 玉米粥 小阳春, 秋老虎 (成)单行 瓶状棒(用于杂耍等) 墨汁 French bean French chalk French dressing French window French fry French letter take French leave 菜豆 滑石粉 色拉调料(油和醋) 落地窗 炸土豆条 避孕套 擅离职守;不辞而别  内涵意义：又称含蓄的意义，是附加在指称意义上的意义，是指称意义的引申。 (1) This nursemaid is a lamb. (3) There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. (5) Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 (6) Hitler’s storm troops goosestepped into power in Furth in 1930. 在1930年, 希特勒的冲锋队员就耀武扬威地夺去了菲尔特镇的权利。 情感意义：指词语有感情色彩，有褒贬之分。 statesman---politician individualism---egoism renowned---notorious I’m firm, you’re obstinate, he’s pig-headed. 我坚定，你固执，他顽固。 有些词兼具褒贬之义，视语境而定。 They put up a stubborn resistance. More examples…… John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. 约翰是个积极肯干的推销员，他的工作干得很出色。 Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power. 希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行侵略政策。 Hans was too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. 汉斯说，这位先生是他所见到过的最有胆识的人。这种奉承未免过于露骨。 Mr. Brown felt flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture. 布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时感到非常荣幸。 学生很羡慕她的博学。 不少女人嫉妒张小姐的美貌。 搭配意义： 指一个词必须与别的意义搭配在一起才能产生的意义。 Collocation, an arrangement of words that sounds natural, is also a